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Metabolic and Gene Expression Controls on the Production of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds

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Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions

Part of the book series: Tree Physiology ((TREE,volume 5))

Abstract

The emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), including isoprenoid compounds, methanol and oxygenated organic compounds, is controlled by both the existing metabolic potential of a leaf and gene expression responses that modulate the existing metabolic potential to increase or decrease compound biosynthesis and emission rate. This capability to respond both instantaneously and in the long term to environmental variation provides plants with flexibility in their adaptions to biotic and abiotic stresses, which are also encountered in short and long-term time frames. This chapter reviews the mechanistic basis of the immediate controls of volatile BVOC emissions by light, temperature, and ambient CO2 and O2 concentrations, as well as the genetic responses that involve changes in gene expression patterns. Photosynthesis ultimately provides the carbon for BVOC production, though under non-stressed conditions the photosynthetic rate itself is rarely so low that it limits BVOC emissions. However, various metabolic pathways compete for substrates that are produced from photosynthate, including cytosolic pathways, such as the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and chloroplastic pathways such as the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate pathway (MEP/DOXP). Controls over the use of substrate are regulated among these pathways through feedback mechanisms, specificity in the transport of metabolites across organelle membranes, and the channeling of NADPH reductant and ATP to specific steps in the pathways. This chapter emphasizes that these interactive controls provide the major explanation for longer-term physiological controls of emissions. Emissions of several types of compounds are considered, including isoprenoids, methanol, and green leaf volatiles such as various aldehydes and ketones.

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  1. School of Natural Resources and the Environment and the Laboratory for Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Russell K. Monson

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  1. Russell K. Monson
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  1. Institute of Agricultural and, Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia

    Ülo Niinemets

  2. School of Natural Resources and, the Environment, University of Arizona, N Park Ave, Suite 532 845, Tucson, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Russell K. Monson

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Monson, R.K. (2013). Metabolic and Gene Expression Controls on the Production of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds. In: Niinemets, Ü., Monson, R. (eds) Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions. Tree Physiology, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6606-8_6

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