Abstract
In 2010, extreme flood events occurred on several rivers of the Carpathian Basin, especially on catchments which are open to the south. On the studied Hernád and Tisza Rivers, a couple of significant flood waves occurred; on the Hernád River, a new maximum water stage was even recorded. In contrast, no significant flood was measured on the Dráva River, which has a catchment opening towards the east and where several reservoirs impede flow. Consequently, on the Hernád and Tisza Rivers bank retreat was intensive, two or three times larger in 2010 than in the previous or in the following years. Floods particularly accelerated bank retreat along sections where bank height is low and bank material has low resistance. In the case of high bluffs, mass failure also contributes to bank erosion, and thus, the process of undercutting and the removal of the toe material during medium- and low-stage periods are influential in bank retreat.
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Acknowledgements
Research was supported by the Hungarian Research Foundation (OTKA, contract no. K 100761). Special thanks to Zsuzsanna Knyihár and several other students for taking part in field surveys and preliminary data processing.
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Kiss, T., Blanka, V., Andrási, G., Hernesz, P. (2013). Extreme Weather and the Rivers of Hungary: Rates of Bank Retreat. In: Loczy, D. (eds) Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather. Springer Geography. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6301-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6301-2_6
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