Abstract
In this chapter we discuss basic reference mechanisms for ion acceleration in laser-plasma interactions. The first two mechanisms, namely sheath acceleration and plasma expansion, are oriented to the modelization of experiments with solid targets in the so-called target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) framework. The other mechanisms, namely shock acceleration, coulomb explosions and radiation pressure acceleration dominate over TNSA in particular conditions and may allow to develop advanced schemes of ion acceleration.
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Notes
- 1.
In order to present the equations in a more general form, we use \(T_e\) for the electrons temperature; when applying the formulas to fast electrons, \(T_e=T_f\) should be posed. It is worth reminding, however, that we do not consider the dynamics of cold background electrons, which slightly affect sheath formation.
- 2.
The indefinite integral we need is \(\int x^{-1}(x-a)^{-1/2}dx=2\arctan \left[(x-a)^{-1/2}\right]\) for \(a>0\).
- 3.
- 4.
The reader should be warned that in the literature the regimes of RPA have been named in various ways. The HB regime has been often described as “electrostatic shock acceleration”, while we consider this definition appropriate for the acceleration mechanism described in Sect. 5.5. The term “laser piston” has been used both for RPA of thin foils (Esirkepov et al. 2004) and of thick targets (Schlegel et al. 2009). “Sweeping acceleration” has been also used to describe HB acceleration in the density profile at the front of a target (Sentoku et al. 2003). A particular condition, or feature, of LS has been described as “phase stable acceleration” (Yan et al. 2008). Here we focus on the basic “thin” (LS) and “thick” (HB) regimes without addressing details of RPA-based schemes.
- 5.
A similar dynamics is observed for radial ponderomotive acceleration in an underdense plasma (Macchi et al. 2009).
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Macchi, A. (2013). Ion Acceleration. In: A Superintense Laser-Plasma Interaction Theory Primer. SpringerBriefs in Physics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6125-4_5
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