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Proteins Encoded by the Human Papillomavirus Genome and Their Functions

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HPV and Cancer

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Abstract

The genome of all human papillomaviruses (HPVs) described to date encodes E1, E2, E4, L1, and L2 proteins, as well as some E5, E6, and E7 proteins. E1 and E2 are viral replication proteins that play several roles during productive infection, while E4 proteins are thought to aide in virion release. The L1 and L2 proteins work cooperatively to encapsidate the viral DNA into the virion. E5, E6 and E7 are viral oncoproteins that are associated with the increased proliferation of suprabasal epithelial cells. Herein we describe each of these proteins in further detail and discuss their role in the function of HPV.

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Abbreviations

HPV:

Human Papillomavirus

LCR:

Long Control Region

RFC:

Replication Factor

DBD:

DNA Binding Domain

PCNA:

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

NLS:

Nuclear Localization Signal

NES:

Nuclear Export Sequence

pRb:

Retinoblastoma protein

HDACs:

Histone Deacetylases

HATs:

Histone Acetyl Transferases

ALT:

Alternative Lengthening of Telomere

PML:

Promyelocytic Leukemia

APBs:

ALT- associated PML Bodies

FANCD2:

Fanconi Anemia Group D2 protein

E6AP:

E6 Associated Protein

CBP:

CREB – binding protein

PDZ:

Post Drosophila Zonula

hSsib:

homolog of Drosophila Scribble protein

MAG:

Membrane Associate Guanylate

MAGUK:

MAG Kinase

USF:

Upstream Stimulatory Factor

NFX1-91:

X Box-Binding protein 1-91

PLK4:

Polo-Like Kinase 4

ATM-ATR:

Ataxia Telangiectasia – mutated – ATM

FA:

Fanconia Anemia

TNF- Alpha:

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

TRAIL:

TNF related apoptosis- inducing ligand

TNFR 1:

TNF receptor 1

DISC:

Death-Inducing Signal Complex

FADD:

Fas – associated death domain

IAP2:

Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 2

ISGF3:

Interferon – Stimulated Gene Factor 3

ISRE:

Interferon – Stimulated Response Element

ISGs:

INF Stimulated Genes

STAT:

Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription

JAK:

Tyrosine Kinases of the Janus family

IRF-1:

Interferon Regulatory Factor-1

MCP-1:

Monocyte Chemo-attractant Protein-1

eIF-2 alpha:

eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 2 alpha

SRPK1:

Serine-arginine (SR) specific Kinase 1

EGFR:

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

MAP:

Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinase

ETA :

Endothelin receptor

ET-1:

Endothelin -1

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase -2

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

Fas L:

Fas Ligand

MHC I:

Major Histocompatibility Class I

VLPs:

Virus Like Particles

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  1. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College Dentistry, 801 South Paulina, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Jiaping Xue, Benjamin J. Vesper & James A. Radosevich

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Xue, J., Vesper, B.J., Radosevich, J.A. (2012). Proteins Encoded by the Human Papillomavirus Genome and Their Functions. In: Radosevich, J. (eds) HPV and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5437-9_2

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