Abstract
In this chapter, Eglinton provides an ethnographic context for exploring young people’s use of visual material culture (VMC) in the analytic chapters that follow. The author draws on fieldnotes, personal experiences, and historical and statistical information to describe, among other aspects, conditions for black and Latino families in New York and First Nations people in the Yukon. There is ultimately a focus on the Hope after-school club in New York and the community of Barlow in Yukon Territory.
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Notes
- 1.
Based on 2005 estimates, 44% of the population are white, 25.3% are black, 28% are Latino, 11.6% are Asian, .04% are American Indian or Alaskan Native, 0.1% are Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 17% are ‘some other race’, and 1.6% are two or more races. Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/home.html. Accessed 16 July 2007.
- 2.
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/home.html. Accessed 9 August 2008.
- 3.
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ceo_report2006.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2007.
- 4.
In New York, at least 8.7 % of people are living below 50 % of the poverty threshold (that is, earning less income of less than 5,000 USD per year). Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ceo_report2006.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2007. The United States has thehighest child poverty rate in the developed world. Source: http://www.stateofworkingamerica.org/news/SWA06Facts-International.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2008.
- 5.
See http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ceo_report2006.pdffor the working poor in New York. Accessed 19 August 2008.
- 6.
In black and Latino households where the father is absent, poverty rates nearly double. Sources: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/home.html; http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ceo_report2006.pdf. Accessed 9 June 2007.
- 7.
Sources: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/home.html; http://www.census.gov/. Accessed 11 July 2007.
- 8.
Teachers’ salaries were only approximately 250% above the poverty threshold when I was employed by the New York City Board of Education. Salaries now are 500% above the poverty level.
- 9.
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/home/home.shtml. Accessed 9 June 2007.
- 10.
Public schools are publicly funded through property taxes and state governments. Over 1,000,000 youth attend New York City public schools.
- 11.
Source: http://www.nysed.gov/. Accessed 19 August 2008.
- 12.
The demographic breakdown of youth attending public schools in 2004–2005 was roughly 38% Latino, 35% black, 15% white, 12% Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than one per cent American Indian or Alaskan Native. Source: http://www.cgcs.org/. Accessed 20 July 2007. The racial make-up of schools is related to geography and economics, where some schools in Harlem or the South Bronx have 100% black and Latino student bodies, and other schools in affluent areas of Manhattan will have a majority of white youth.
- 13.
Source: http://www.cgcs.org/. Accessed 19 August 2008.
- 14.
Source: http://www.eco.gov.yk.ca/stats/pdf/population_jun_2010.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 15.
Source: http://www.eco.gov.yk.ca/stats/pdf/aboriginadata.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 16.
Source: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/promotion/suicide/index-eng.php. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 17.
Source: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81-004-x/2010004/article/11339-eng.htm#c. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 18.
http://www.eco.gov.yk.ca/stats/pdf/aboriginadata.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 19.
In 1973, what was called the ‘Council for Yukon Indians’ presented to the Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau the document ‘Together Today for Our Children Tomorrow’ (see http://www.eco.gov.yk.ca/pdf/together_today_for_our_children_tomorrow.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2011. See also http://www.gov.yk.ca/pdf/yukon_at_a_glance_web2.pdf. Accessed 10 March 2011.
- 20.
Source for all statistical and demographic references to Barlow: community profile in 2006 reported by Canadian Census. Accessed 26 September 2008. To ensure anonymity, web addresses are not provided here.
- 21.
The school includes youth from 5 years up – from kindergarten (reception) to primary, junior, and high school years.
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Eglinton, K.A. (2013). Multi-sites: New York City, USA, and Yukon Territory, Canada. In: Youth Identities, Localities, and Visual Material Culture. Explorations of Educational Purpose, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4857-6_3
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