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DNA Repair Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Stem Cells

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DNA Repair of Cancer Stem Cells

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Abstract

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are a small subset in heterogeneous breast cancer cell populations and are responsible for breast cancer initiation. BCSC have stem cell properties. The maintenance and propaganda of BCSC is controlled by an intrinsic stem cell signaling network and regulated by extrinsic environmental factors. BCSC are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The therapeutic resistance of BCSC derives from multiple mechanisms. In this chapter, we discussed the potential mechanisms for enhanced DNA repair of BCSC in the response to DNA damage.

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Abbreviations

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ATM:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated

ATR:

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related

BER:

Base excision repair

BCSC:

Breast cancer stem cells

BRCA 1:

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein

Cdc-25s:

Cell division cycle 25 homologs

Chk1:

CHK1 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)

Chk2:

CHK2 checkpoint homolog (S. pombe)

CXCR4:

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4

DNA-PK:

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit

DSB:

Double-strand DNA breaks

γ-H2AX:

Phosphorylated histone 2AX

E2A:

Transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer binding factors E12/E47)

E2F:

Transcription activator that binds DNA through the E2 recognition site

ES cells:

Embryonic stem cells

ESA:

Epithelial specific antigen

Her2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IL-8:

Interleukin 8

MDC1:

Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1

MLH1:

MutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2

MSH2:

MutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1

NHEJ:

Non-homologous end joining

NMEC:

Normal mammary epithelial cells

Oct-4:

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4

PCNA:

Proliferation cell nuclear antigen

PROCR:

Endothelial protein C receptor

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

PUMA:

BCL2 binding component 3

RAD51:

RAD51 homolog (RecA homolog, E. coli)

RPA-70:

Replication protein A1 (70Kd)

SDF:

Stromal-derived-factor

TCF:

T-cell specific, HMG-box

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TWIST:

Twist-related protein as a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor

Wnt:

Wingless/int

NOXA:

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, 71130, Shreveport, LA, USA

    Hong Yin & Jonathan Glass

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  1. Hong Yin
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  1. Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, Nat. Center for Advancing Transl. Scie, National Institutes of Health, BLDG B, RM 1004 9800, Rockville, 20850, Maryland, USA

    Lesley A Mathews

  2. Gannon University, University Square 109, Erie, 16541, Pennsylvania, USA

    Stephanie M Cabarcas

  3. Preclinical Oncology Research, MedImmune Way 1, Gaithersburg, 20878, Maryland, USA

    Elaine M. Hurt

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Yin, H., Glass, J. (2013). DNA Repair Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. In: Mathews, L., Cabarcas, S., Hurt, E. (eds) DNA Repair of Cancer Stem Cells. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4590-2_6

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