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The Spiral

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The Natural philosophy of Emanuel Swedenborg

Part of the book series: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind ((SHPM,volume 11))

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Abstract

The spiral curves, twists in expanding circles from a centre, as in the coiling of the snail, in the whirling waters of the maelstrom, in the vortices of the universe. For Swedenborg the spiral is the most beautiful and complete of all geometrical figures. It is return, it is perfect motion in the particle world and in the firmament. Its movement leads one’s thoughts to disorder, and can be perceived as chaotic, suggestive, alive, and expressive. In a broader sense the spiral is a curve that winds around a centre, a pole in the plane, while simultaneously distancing itself from this point of departure. The present chapter is about this class of gentle lines in the particle world, in the cosmos and the soul, about whorls, whirls, vortices, helices, scrolls, serpentines, and meanders, but also the related circle.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Dædalus Hyperboreus VI, 14.

  2. 2.

    See also Dunér (1999), 51–91; 2nd ed., 7–77; translation, 1–58.

  3. 3.

    Photolith. II, 76–78, cf. 39; Reyneau, II, passim, 545–879, see especially 593.

  4. 4.

    Archimedes, Peri elikōn, 44.17–23.

  5. 5.

    Opera I, 287.

  6. 6.

    Acta eruditorum (1706), 44.

  7. 7.

    Vogler, 251.

  8. 8.

    Gandt, 204; Mahoney, 704.

  9. 9.

    Bense, 26; Spengler, 19; translation, 15; Hallyn, 224; Rosengren, 180f, 184, 186; Netz (2005), 251–293.

  10. 10.

    Wolff (1710); 4th ed. (1732), 387ff; Wolff (1715); Opera I, 229; Cook, 17f.

  11. 11.

    Resebeskrifningar 19 April 1738, 85.

  12. 12.

    Mylius, I, 53; Bromell (1726–1727), II, 65–75.

  13. 13.

    July 1770. KB, Swedenborg’s manuscripts, biography of Swedenborg, in ‘Swedenborg’, no. 12.

  14. 14.

    Roberg (1718), 32.

  15. 15.

    Kircher (1665), III, 148, 160, & I, 19.

  16. 16.

    Ludus Heliconius, edition, commentary 14f, 229; cf. Camena Borea, edition, 142–145.

  17. 17.

    Swedenborg, ‘Post nubila Phœbus’, Opera poetica, 1.

  18. 18.

    Augustine, 11.18, 11.28; translation, 267, 277.

  19. 19.

    Lindberg (2001), 18; Nordin, 39–41.

  20. 20.

    Regel-konsten, 66f.

  21. 21.

    Polhem’s Letters, 122.

  22. 22.

    Schefferus (1664); Micrander and Swedberg; Swedberg (1941), 57; Forelius and Gardmann; Ellenius, 130f, 275.

  23. 23.

    Selectæ sententiæ, 7, 15; translation, 6, 12.

  24. 24.

    Festivus applausus, 4. KVA; edition, 54f, commentary 92f; Camena Borea, edition, 144f; cf. Ovid, Metamorphoseon, 15.199–213.

  25. 25.

    De cultu, n. 1.

  26. 26.

    Linnaeus and Wilcke.

  27. 27.

    Swedenborg, ‘Doctissimo et ornatissimo juveni D. Benedicto Bredberg, eruditum De asterismis laborem’, Ludus Heliconius, edition, 46f, commentary, 37, 142f; Elvius and Bredberg.

  28. 28.

    Swedberg (1709b), v. 5, introduction and p. 144; Eccles. 12:2.

  29. 29.

    Ludus Heliconius, edition, 52f.

  30. 30.

    Helander, 30.

  31. 31.

    Festivus applausus, edition, 78f, commentary 37, 131, 139.

  32. 32.

    Swedberg (1941), 345; Swedberg (1732), edition, 85f; cf. Bokwetts Gillets protokoll 25 September 1724, 111.

  33. 33.

    Bokwetts Gillets protokoll 1 December 1721, 61f; cf. Opera I, 210.

  34. 34.

    Lindqvist (1984), 269; Lindroth (1967), I:1, 496.

  35. 35.

    Opera I, 229.

  36. 36.

    J. Vallerius, ‘Solens stora förmörkelse som åhr 1715 den 22 april sig tildrog, blef på följande sätt observerad i Upsala af math. profess. Johan Vallerius’, Dædalus Hyperboreus II, 40; Opera I, 213; Elvius (1722), 319f; LiSB, N 14a, no. 69–70, fol. 162–166; J. Vallerius, UUB, fol. 4r; Nordenmark (1959), 146f.

  37. 37.

    Fontenelle, translation, 112.

  38. 38.

    Aristotle, Physikēs, 8.8.261b27–262a12; Aristotle, Peri ouranou, 1.2.268b15–26.

  39. 39.

    Zahn, introduction.

  40. 40.

    Becher (1703).

  41. 41.

    Ripa, 391f, cf. 41, 109, 500.

  42. 42.

    Galilei (1632), translation, 36f; Hallyn, 105, 121; Blay, 38, 40; McAllister, 163–181.

  43. 43.

    Galilei (1613), first letter.

  44. 44.

    Descartes (1664a), ch. IV; Oeuvres XI, 16ff; H. Vallerius and Moell, 27–30; Hoffwenius (1698), III, § 10.

  45. 45.

    Descartes (1644), II, § 33; Oeuvres VIII:1, 58f.

  46. 46.

    Opera I, 207, 210; Letters I, 21.

  47. 47.

    Polhem’s Letters, 101; Polhems skrifter III, 343, 424ff.

  48. 48.

    Hildebrandsson, 14; Gaukroger, 159f; cf. Kragh, 67–77; Shank.

  49. 49.

    Elvius and Frondin, 19; Nordenmark (1959), 138.

  50. 50.

    Elvius to Swedenborg, Uppsala, 28 July 1711. Opera I, 212, cf. 216; Letters I, 26.

  51. 51.

    H. Vallerius and Moell, 7; Spole and Alinus, 43, 46; Sandblad (1944–1945), 114.

  52. 52.

    Polhem to Elvius, Stjärnsund, 31 May 1712. Polhem’s Letters, 88.

  53. 53.

    Polhem to Benzelius, 19 April 1712. Polhem’s Letters, 84.

  54. 54.

    Opera III, 271; LiSB, N 14a, no. 34; Photolith. I, 28–65; translation, 43.

  55. 55.

    Opera III, 272f; translation, 45.

  56. 56.

    Polhem’s Letters, 26f, cf. 11.

  57. 57.

    Opera III, 282; translation, 56.

  58. 58.

    ‘En ny mening om jordens och planeternas gång och stånd eller några bewis at jorden löper alt sachtare och sachtare: at winter och summer, dagar och dygn til tiden blifwa lengre och lengre in til werldsens sista tid’, Opera III, 285, cf. 303.

  59. 59.

    Opera III, 301.

  60. 60.

    Opera III, 306, cf. 287; Homer, 7.112–132; Virgil, Eclogues, 4.

  61. 61.

    Ovid, Metamorphoseon, 1.89–150; Hesiod, translation, 117–120.

  62. 62.

    Opera III, 312, cf. 293.

  63. 63.

    Cf. De cultu, n. 17, note i; Principia, 447; translation II, 359f.

  64. 64.

    Linnaeus’s copy of Swedenborg’s Om jordenes och planeternas gång och stånd, 24/25; Green Books 171.11; Photostat copy UUB, D 27; Linnaeus (1958), 17.

  65. 65.

    Opera III, 319, cf. 296.

  66. 66.

    Opera III, 297, 319f; Jonsson (1999), 27.

  67. 67.

    KVA, cod. 53, 165–186; Burnet (1694), II, ch. X, 137–140; Burnet (1697), II, ch. VIII, 184f; Swedenborg owned Gregory, 2nd ed., 1726.

  68. 68.

    Burnet (1694), I, ch. V, 21; Burnet (1697), I, ch. V, 38.

  69. 69.

    Stiernhielm, ‘Dialogus, interlocutoribus Simplicio, and Astræo’, Samlade skrifter II:2:1, 51.

  70. 70.

    Cf. Schuster.

  71. 71.

    Dædalus Hyperboreus I, 7; Polhem’s Letters, 8f, 10f, 13, 24, 90, 118f.

  72. 72.

    Spole and Humerus; Eriksson (2002), 238.

  73. 73.

    Opera III, 231; KB, X 517:1, fol. 180–181; also in Ex Polhemio. KVA, cod. 86, 277.

  74. 74.

    Polhem to Benzelius, 30 September 1710. Polhems brev, 10f.

  75. 75.

    Polhem, ‘Tankar om elementernass uphof och warelse efter mechaniska principier 1 Om wädret’. KB, X 517:1, fol. 227v; Polhem, ‘Om wäderparticlarnas mechaniske structur naturaliter’. KB, X 517:1, fol. 240.

  76. 76.

    Opera III, 250; Polhems skrifter III, 164; cf. Polhem’s Letters, 23.

  77. 77.

    Miscellanea, 161f; translation, 101.

  78. 78.

    Swedenborg to Benzelius, Stockholm, 3 November 1719. Opera I, 290f; Letters I, 214f.

  79. 79.

    Newton (1687), II, sect. IV, prop. XV, theorem XII.

  80. 80.

    Swedenborg to Benzelius, Stockholm, 26 November 1719. Opera I, 293; Letters I, 220.

  81. 81.

    Benzelius had been reading Neue Zeitungen 2 August 1719; Letters I, 218f.

  82. 82.

    Opera I, 294; Letters I, 221f.

  83. 83.

    Miscellanea, 160; translation, 100.

  84. 84.

    Historie der Gelehrsamkeit (1722), 315–327; The New Philosophy (2003), 565.

  85. 85.

    Miscellanea, 156f; translation, 98.

  86. 86.

    Polhems skrifter III, 254, cf. 241; cf. Opera I, 281; Letters I, 152; Polhem’s Letters, 128, 276f.

  87. 87.

    Taton and Wilson, 218.

  88. 88.

    Polhem, ‘Observ: om fjädrar’, Polhems skrifter I, 183–185.

  89. 89.

    Holmer, 96–98; Löfkvist, 108.

  90. 90.

    Opera II, 13, 36–40, 163; The Minor Principia, 13, 40–42, 45, 198.

  91. 91.

    Opera II, 43f; The Minor Principia, 49f.

  92. 92.

    Opera II, 46, 55, 64, cf. 123, 161; The Minor Principia, 53, 63, 75, cf. 147f, 196.

  93. 93.

    Opera II, 70; The Minor Principia, 82.

  94. 94.

    Descartes (1644), III, § 65–71; Oeuvres VIII:1, 116–125; Hoffwenius (1698), VIII:9–12, 33–35; Opera II, 79, 83; The Minor Principia, 93, 98.

  95. 95.

    Opera II, 94–97, 100f; The Minor Principia, 112–116, 120f.

  96. 96.

    Opera II, 126, 1230, 136, 145; The Minor Principia, 151, 156, 163, 174f.

  97. 97.

    Opera II, 181f, 184, 186; The Minor Principia, 221, 224, 226.

  98. 98.

    Opera II, 187, 190; The Minor Principia, 227f, 231f.

  99. 99.

    Principia, 36; translation I, 63, cf. 82; cf. Treatises, 103f.

  100. 100.

    Principia, 37; translation I, 64f.

  101. 101.

    Principia, 39; translation I, 68.

  102. 102.

    Principia, 71; translation I, 124.

  103. 103.

    Principia 79; translation I, 139.

  104. 104.

    Principia, 43; translation I, 75; cf. Treatises, 105; Wolff (1730), § 796ff; Wolff (1731), § 44f.

  105. 105.

    Principia, 49, 53f; translation I, 86, 94.

  106. 106.

    Principia, 60; translation I, 105.

  107. 107.

    Hellwig, 2.

  108. 108.

    Principia, 77; translation I, 136.

  109. 109.

    Principia, 93, 97; translation I, 163, 168.

  110. 110.

    Principia, 108, 111, 114, 421, 425f; translation I, 185, 191, 196, & II, 317, 323, 325.

  111. 111.

    Leibniz (1714), § 56, 62f, 65.

  112. 112.

    Principia, 118, 121f; translation I, 202, 207f.

  113. 113.

    Principia, 125; translation I, 211.

  114. 114.

    Descartes (1644), IV, § 87–93, 139–187, 146; Oeuvres VIII:1, 279–315; Hoffwenius (1698), XVII, 78f.

  115. 115.

    Principia, 131f, 183, 260, 272; translation I, 223, 312, & II, 74, 93.

  116. 116.

    Principia, 158, 184f, 195; translation I, 276f, 315, 334.

  117. 117.

    Principia, 210, 254; translation I, 360f, & II, 63.

  118. 118.

    Principia, 375f; translation II, 229f.

  119. 119.

    Principia, 311, 376f, 380; translation II, 145, 231, 234, 238.

  120. 120.

    Principia, 381–383; translation II, 240–243.

  121. 121.

    KVA, cod. 88, 325; Wolff (1730), § 503.

  122. 122.

    Dædalus Hyperboreus I, introduction, cf. II, 25; VI, 1.

  123. 123.

    Principia, 384f; translation II, 246f.

  124. 124.

    Anon. (1728), 17.

  125. 125.

    Principia, 376; translation II, 231.

  126. 126.

    Gilbert, translation, xlviii.

  127. 127.

    Gilbert, translation, 23f, 66f, 330–332.

  128. 128.

    Gilbert, translation, 309–312.

  129. 129.

    De magnete, 237.

  130. 130.

    Spegel (1685), edition, I:1, 38.

  131. 131.

    Principia, 388–390; translation II, 254–257.

  132. 132.

    Aristophanes, 691–695; Ovid, Metamorphoseon, 1.5–9.

  133. 133.

    Prov. 8:27; Gen. 1:2.

  134. 134.

    Forsius, 76, cf. 84.

  135. 135.

    Principia, 394; translation II, 263.

  136. 136.

    Principia, 397, 403, 412; translation II, 273f, 285, 301.

  137. 137.

    Principia, 410f, 423, 440, 445, 447; translation II, 300, 321, 347, 355, 358f.

  138. 138.

    Principia, 408f, 418f, 429; translation II, 296, 310–312, 331.

  139. 139.

    Principia, 433–436; translation II, 336–341.

  140. 140.

    Principia, 451; translation II, 365.

  141. 141.

    Resebeskrifningar 20 and 22 July 1736, 64f; Jonsson (1967–1968), 35, 40.

  142. 142.

    Royal Society, London, 9 March 1737; Green Books V, no. 612.12.

  143. 143.

    Celsius to Benzelius, Paris, 6 May 1735. LiSB, Br 10, XIV, 105; Nordenmark (1936), 51.

  144. 144.

    Celsius (1740a), 296–299; Celsius (1740b), 384–388; Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens protokoll I, 284f, 292, & II, 120–125.

  145. 145.

    Principia, 273; translation II, 95; Wilcke, 22.

  146. 146.

    Uträkning af magnetens declination, edition, 79f.

  147. 147.

    Uträkning af magnetens declination, edition, 85f.

  148. 148.

    Celsius to KVA, 23 January 1741. Celsius (1741), 87f, 93.

  149. 149.

    Swedenborg to KVA, 1 February 1741. Swar uppå magist. Hiorters critiquer, 94.

  150. 150.

    De infinito, 238–241, 252f; translation, 205–209, 217; Kircher (1665), book XII, 406.

  151. 151.

    De infinito, 248–260, 268; translation, 213–223, 230.

  152. 152.

    Psychologica, 16f.

  153. 153.

    Psychologica, 18f.

  154. 154.

    Psychologica, 20f.

  155. 155.

    Photolith. III, 108; Psychologica, 24f, 112f; cf. Jonsson (1969), 73–75.

  156. 156.

    Hogarth, 55f.

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  1. Division of History of Ideas and Sciences Centre for Cognitive Semiotics, Lund University, Biskopsgatan 7, 223 62, Lund, Sweden

    David Dunér

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  1. David Dunér
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Dunér, D. (2013). The Spiral. In: The Natural philosophy of Emanuel Swedenborg. Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4560-5_7

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