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Fracture

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Mechanical Properties of Materials

Part of the book series: Solid Mechanics and Its Applications ((SMIA,volume 190))

Abstract

Atomic cohesion is the bond between atoms, holding them together to form an aggregate that does not disintegrate under the normal conditions characteristic of that specific material. Hence, a short look at the essentials of cohesion aids in understanding fracture, which occurs when a force of a certain magnitude is applied against the atomic bonding of the atoms to cause the disintegration of a material. Those forces that hold the groups of atoms or molecules of a substance together are called ‘bonds’. The formation of bonds between atoms is mainly due to their tendency to attain minimum potential energy, thus reaching a stable state. In solid material, it is usually assumed that two types of forces act between the atoms: (a) an attractive force, which keeps the atoms together, forcing them to form solids and (b) a repulsive force, which comes into play when a solid is compressed. Figure 7.1a shows the concept of cohesion, based on the relation below, graphically:

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ben Gurion Street, Beer Sheva, Israel

    Joshua Pelleg

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  1. Joshua Pelleg
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Pelleg, J. (2013). Fracture. In: Mechanical Properties of Materials. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 190. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4342-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4342-7_7

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