Abstract
The species is a native of the dense evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in South West India, now widely cultivated pantropically. The major producing countries are India, Indonesia, Sarawak, Malaysia and Brazil. It is also cultivated also in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, New Guinea, on many Pacific islands, the Antilles, Madagascar, Zanzibar and in West Africa (Ghana to Angola).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Selected References
Agbor GA, Vinson JA, Oben JE, Ngogang JY (2006) Comparative analysis of the in vitro antioxidant activity of white and black pepper. Nutr Res 26(12):659–663
Agbor GA, Vinson JA, Oben JE, Ngogang JY (2007) In vitro antioxidant activity of three Piper species. J Herb Pharmacother 7(2):49–64
Agbor GA, Vinson JA, Sortino J, Johnson R (2010) Antioxidant and anti-atherogenic activities of three Piper species on atherogenic diet fed hamsters. Exp Toxicol Pathol doi:10.1016/j.etp.2010.10.003
Aher S, Biradar S, Gopu CL, Paradkar A (2009) Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 61(9):1179–1186
Backer CA, Bakhuizen van den Brink RC Jr (1963) Flora of Java, vol 1. Wolter-Noordhoff, Groningen, 647 pp
Bae GS, Kim MS, Jung WS, Seo SW, Yun SW, Kim SG, Park RK, Kim EC, Song HJ, Park SJ (2010) Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by piperine. Eur J Pharmacol 642(1–3):154–162
Bai YF, Xu H (2000) Protective action of piperine against experimental gastric ulcer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 21(4):357–359
Bai X, Zhang W, Chen W, Zong W, Guo Z, Liu X (2011) Anti-hepatotoxic and anti-oxidant effects of extracts from Piper nigrum L. root. Afr J Biotechnol 10(2):267–272
Bajad S, Bedi KL, Singla AK, Johri RK (2001) Piperine inhibits gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in rats and mice. Planta Med 67:176–179
Bezerra DP, de Castro FO, Alves AP, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MA, Elmiro FJ, Costa-Lotufo LV (2006) In vivo growth-inhibition of Sarcoma 180 by piplartine and piperine, two alkaloid amides from Piper. Braz J Med Biol Res 39(6):801–807
Bezerra DP, de Castro FO, Alves AP, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MA, Elmiro FJ, de Alencar NM, Mesquita RO, Lima MW, Costa-Lotufo LV (2008) In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of 5-FU combined with piplartine and piperine. J Appl Toxicol 28(2):156–163
Bezerra DP, Militão GC, de Castro FO, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MA, Elmiro FJ, Costa-Lotufo LV (2007) Piplartine induces inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation triggering both apoptosis and necrosis pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 21(1):1–8
Bezerra DP, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Silveira ER, Lima MA, Elmiro FJ, Costa-Lotufo LV (2005) AntiproÂliferative effects of two amides, piperine and piplartine, from Piper species. Z Naturforsch C 60(7–8):539–543
Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF (2002) Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302(2):645–650
Burkill IH (1966) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Revised reprint, 2 volumes. Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, vol 1 (A–H), pp 1–1240, vol 2 (I–Z), pp 1241–2444
Capasso R, Izzo AA, Borrelli F, Russo A, Sautebin L, Pinto A, Capasso F, Mascolo N (2002) Effect of piperine, the active ingredient of black pepper, on intestinal secretion in mice. Life Sci 71:2311–2317
Chatterjee S, Niaz Z, Gautam S, Adhikari S, Variyar PS, Sharma A (2007) Antioxidant activity of some phenolic constituents from green pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and fresh nutmeg mace (Myristica fragrans). Food Chem 101(2):515–523
Choi BM, Kim SM, Park TK, Li G, Hong SJ, Park R, Chung HT, Kim BR (2007) Piperine protects cisplatin-induced apoptosis via heme oxygenase-1 induction in auditory cells. J Nutr Biochem 18(9):615–622
Chonpathompikunlert P, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S (2010) Piperine, the main alkaloid of Thai black pepper, protects against neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in animal model of cognitive deficit like condition of Alzheimer’s disease. Food Chem Toxicol 48(3):798–802
Chun H, Shin DH, Hong BS, Cho WD, Cho HY, Yang HC (2002) Biochemical properties of polysaccharides from black pepper. Biol Pharm Bull 25(9):1203–1208
Clery RA, Hammond CJ, Wright AC (2006) Nitrogen-containing compounds in black pepper oil (Piper nigrum L.). J Essent Oil Res 18(1):1–3
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (1969) The wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products (Raw materials 8). Publications and Information Directorate, New Delhi
D’Hooge R, Pei YQ, Raes A, Lebrun P, van Bogaert PP, de Deyn PP (1996) Anticonvulsant activity of piperine on seizures induced by excitatory amino acid receptor agonists. Arzneimittelforschung 46(6):557–560
Ee GC, Lim CM, Lim CK, Rahmani M, Shaari K, Bong CF (2009) Alkaloids from Piper sarmentosum and Piper nigrum. Nat Prod Res 23(15):1416–1423
Ee GC, Lim CM, Lim CK, Rahmani M, Shaari K, Bong CF (2010) Pellitorine, a potential anti-cancer lead compound against HL6 and MCT-7 cell lines and microbial transformation of piperine from Piper nigrum. Molecules 15(4):2398–2404
El Hamss R, Idaomar M, Alonso-Moraga A, Muñoz SA (2003) Antimutagenic properties of bell and black peppers. Food Chem Toxicol 41(1):41–47
Fan LS, Muhamad R, Omar D, Rahmani M (2011) Insecticidal properties of Piper nigrum fruit extracts and essential oils against Spodoptera litura. Int J Agric Biol 13:517–522
Ferreira SRS, Nikolov ZL, Doraiswamy LK, Merireles MAA, Petenate AJ (1999) Supercritical fluid extraction of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oils. J Supercrit Fluid 14(3):235–245
Fu M, Sun ZH, Zuo HC (2010) Neuroprotective effect of piperine on primarily cultured hippocampal neurons. Biol Pharm Bull 33(4):598–603
Fujiwara Y, Naithou K, Miyazaki T, Hashimoto K, Mori K, Yamamoto Y (2001) Two new alkaloids, pipercyclobutanamides A and B, from Piper nigrum. Tetrahedron Lett 42(13):2497–2499
Ganesh Bhat B, Chandrasekhara N (1987) Effect of black pepper and piperine on bile secretion and composition in rats. Nahrung 31:913–916
George CK, Abdullah A, Chapman K (2005) Pepper production guide for Asia and the Pacific. International Pepper Community and Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations, Bangkok/Rome, p 219
Gülçin I (2005) The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds. Int J Food Sci Nutr 56:491–499
Hamrapurkar PD, Jadhav K, Zine S (2011) Quantitative estimation of piperine in Piper nigrum and Piper longum using high performance thin layer chromatography. J Appl Pharm Sci 1(3):117–120
Han Y, Chin Tan TM, Lim LY (2008) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 230(3):283–289
Hirata N, Naruto S, Inaba K, Itoh K, Tokunaga M, Iinuma M, Matsuda H (2008) Histamine release inhibitory activity of Piper nigrum leaf. Biol Pharm Bull 31(10):1973–1976
Hirata N, Tokunaga M, Naruto S, Iinuma M, Matsuda H (2007) Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase inhibitory active constituents of Piper nigrum leaf. Biol Pharm Bull 30(12):2402–2405
Hlavackova L, Urbanova A, Ulicna O, Janega P, Cerna A, Babal P (2010) Piperine, active substance of black pepper, alleviates hypertension induced by NO synthase inhibition. Bratisl Lek Listy 111(8):426–431
Hu S, Ao P, Tan H (1996) Pharmacognostical studies on the roots of Piper nigrum l. ii: chemical and pharmacological studies. Acta Hortic (ISHS) 426:175–178
Hwang YP, Yun HJ, Kim HG, Han EH, Choi JH, Chung YC, Jeong HG (2011) Suppression of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced tumor cell invasion by piperine via the inhibition of PKCα/ERK1/2-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Toxicol Lett 203(1):9–19
Jagella T, Grosch W (1999a) Flavour and off-flavour compounds of black and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.). I. Evaluation of potent odorants of black pepper by dilution and concentration techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 209:16–21
Jagella T, Grosch W (1999b) Flavour and off-flavour compounds of black and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.). III. Desirable and undesirable odorants of white pepper. Eur Food ResTechnol 209:27–31
Jayalekshmy A, Menon AN, Padmakumari KP (2003) Essential oil composition of four major cultivars of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). J Essent Oil Res 15:155–157
Jin J, Zhang J, Guo N, Feng H, Li L, Liang J, Sun K, Wu X, Wang X, Liu M, Deng X, Yu L (2011) The plant alkaloid piperine as a potential inhibitor of ethidium bromide efflux in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Med Microbiol 60(Pt 2):223–229
Jin MJ, Han HK (2010) Effect of piperine, a major component of black pepper, on the intestinal absorption of fexofenadine and its implication on food-drug interaction. J Food Sci 75(3):H93–H96
Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Ngassoum MB, Geissler M (2002) Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry. J Chromatogr A 976(1–2):265–275
Kaleem M, Sheema SH, Bano B (2005) Protective effects of Piper nigrum and Vinca rosea in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 49(1):65–71
Kapoor IP, Singh B, Singh G, De Heluani CS, De Lampasona MP, Catalan CA (2009) Chemistry and in vitro antioxidant activity of volatile oil and oleoresins of black pepper (Piper nigrum). J Agric Food Chem 57(12):5358–5364
Karthikeyan J, Rani P (2003) Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in selected Piper species. Indian J Exp Biol 41(2):135–140
Khajuria A, Johrn RK, Zutshi U (1999) Piperine mediated alterations in lipid peroxidation and cellular thiol status of rat intestinal mucosa and epithelial cells. Phytomedicine 6(5):351–355
Khajuria A, Thusu N, Zutshi U, Bedi KL (1998) Piperine modulation of carcinogen induced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. Mol Cell Biochem 189(1–2):113–118
Kitano M, Wanibuchi H, Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Hayashi S, Fukushima S (2000) Chemopreventive effects of coumaperine from pepper on the initiation stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Cancer Sci 91:674–680
Koul IB, Kapil A (1993) Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers. Planta Med 59(5):413–417
Kumar S, Warikoo R, Wahab N (2010) Larvicidal potential of ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns against different instars of an Indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 107(4):901–907
Kumar S, Warikoo R, Wahab N (2011) Relative larvicidal efficacy of three species of peppercorns against dengue fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. J Entomol Res Soc 13(2):27–36
Kumoro AC, Hasan M, Singh H (2010) Extraction of Sarawak black pepper essential oil using supercritical carbon dioxide. Arab J Sci Eng 35(2B):7–16
Lee SW, Rho MC, Park HR, Choi JH, Kang JY, Lee JW, Kim K, Lee HS, Kim YK (2006) Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by alkamides isolated from the fruits of Piper longum and Piper nigrum. J Agric Food Chem 54(26):9759–9763
Lee SW, Kim YK, Kim K, Lee HS, Choi JH, Lee WS, Jun CD, Park JH, Lee JM, Rho MC (2008) Alkamides from the fruits of Piper longum and Piper nigrum displaying potent cell adhesion inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18(16):4544–4546
Li S, Lei Y, Jia Y, li N, Wink M, Ma Y (2011) Piperine, a piperidine alkaloid from Piper nigrum re-sensitizes P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP dependent multidrug resistant cancer cells. Phytomed 19(1):83–87
Li S, Wang C, Li W, Koike K, Nikaido T, Wang MW (2007) Antidepressant-like effects of piperine and its derivative, antiepilepsirine. J Asian Nat Prod Res 9(3–5):421–430
Liang R, Shi S, Ma Y (2010) Analysis of volatile oil composition of the peppers from different production areas. Med Chem Res 19(2):157–165
Liao H, Liu P, Hu Y, Wang D, Lin H (2009) Antidepressant-like effects of piperine and its neuroprotective mechanism. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 34(12):1562–1565 (in Chinese)
Lin Z, Hoult JR, Bennett DC, Raman A (1999) Stimulation of mouse melanocyte proliferation by Piper nigrum fruit extract and its main alkaloid, piperine. Planta Med 65(7):600–603
Lin Z, Liao Y, Venkatasamy R, Hider RC, Soumyanath A (2007) Amides from Piper nigrum L. with dissimilar effects on melanocyte proliferation in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 59(4):529–536
Liu L, Song G, Hu Y (2007) GC–MS analysis of the essential oils of Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum L. Chromatographia 66(9–10):785–790
Liu Y, Yadev VR, Aggarwal BB, Nair MG (2010) Inhibitory effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) extracts and compounds on human tumor cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, lipid peroxidation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B. Nat Prod Commun 5(8):1253–1257
Majdalawieh AF, Carr RI (2010) In vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). J Med Food 13(2):371–381
Mao QQ, Xian YF, Ip SP, Che CT (2011) Involvement of serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of piperine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35(4):1144–1147
Matsuda H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamazaki M, Hirat N, Naruto S, Asanuma Y, Kaihatsu T, Kubo M (2004) Melanogenesis stimulation in murine B16 melanoma cells by Piper nigrum leaf extract and its lignan constituents. Biol Pharm Bull 27(10):1611–1616
McNamara FN, Randall A, Gunthorpe MJ (2005) Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Br J Pharmacol 144(6):781–790
Mehmood MH, Gilani AH (2010) Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of black pepper and piperine in gastrointestinal disorders. J Med Food 13(5):1086–1096
Menon AM, Padmakumari KP (2005) Studies on essential oil composition of cultivars of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) – V. J Essent Oil Res 17:153–155
Menon AN, Padmakumari KP, Jayalekshmi A, Gopalakrishnan M, Narayanan CS (2000) Essential oil composition of four major cultivars of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). J Essent Oil Res 12:431–434
Miyakado M, Nakayama I, Yoshioka H, Nakatani N (1979) The Piperaceae amides I: structure of pipercide, a new insecticidal amide from Piper nigrum L. Agric Biol Chem 43:1609–1611
Mori A, Kabuto H, Pei YQ (1985) Effects of piperine on convulsions and on brain serotonin and catecholamine levels in E1 mice. Neurochem Res 10(9):1269–1275
Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, Raman PH, Naik SR (1990a) Anti-inflammatory activity of piperine. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 43(3):95–100
Mujumdar AM, Dhuley JN, Deshmukh VK, Raman PH, Thorat SL, Naik SR (1990b) Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 28(5):486–487
Muller CJ, Creveling RK, Jennings WG (1968) Some minor sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of black pepper. J Agric Food Chem 16(1):113–117
Muller CJ, Jennings CG (1967) Constituents of black pepper. Some sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. J Agric Food Chem 15(5):762–766
Musenga A, Mandrioli R, Ferranti A, D’Orazio G, Fanali S, Raggi MA (2007) Analysis of aromatic and terpenic constituents of pepper extracts by capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 30(4):612–619
Nahak G, Sahu RK (2011) Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and Piper nigrum. J Appl Pharm Sci 1(8):153–157
Nakatani N, Inatani R (1981) Isobutyl amides from pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Agric Biol Chem 45:1473–1476
Nakatani N, Inatani R, Fuwa H (1980) Structures and syntheses of two phenolic amides from Piper nigrum L. Agric Biol Chem 44:2831–2836
Nakatani N, Inatani R, Ohta H, Nishioka A (1986) Chemical constituents of peppers (Piper spp.) and application to food preservation: naturally occurring antioxidative compounds. Environ Health Perspect 67:135–142
Nalini N, Sabitha K, Viswanathanp MVP (1998) Spices and glycoprotein metabolism in experimental colon cancer rats. Med Sci Res 26(11):781
Naseri MKG, Yahyavi H (2007) Spasmolytic activity of Piper nigrum fruit aqueous extract on rat non-pregnant uterus. Iran J Pharmacol Ther 6(1):35–40
Nussbaumer C, Cadalbert R, Kraft P (1999) Identification of m-Mentha3(8),6-diene (Isosylveterpinolene) in black pepper oil. Helv Chim Acta 82(1):53–58
Ononiwu IM, Ibeneme CE, Ebong OO (2002) Effects of piperine on gastric acid secretion on albino rats. Afr J Med Sci 31:293–295
Orav A, Stulova I, Kailas T, Müürisepp M (2004) Effect of storage on the essential oil composition of Piper nigrum L. fruits of different ripening states. J Agric Food Chem 52(9):2582–2586
Panda S, Kar A (2003) Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5′D activity in adult male mice. Horm Metab Res 35(9):523–526
Park IK (2011) Insecticidal activity of isobutylamides derived from Piper nigrum against adult of two mosquito species. Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti. Nat Prod Res. doi:10.1080/14786419.2011.628178
Park IK, Lee SG, Shin SC, Park JD, Ahn YJ (2002) Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species. J Agric Food Chem 50(7):1866–1870
Pathak N, Khandelwal S (2007) Cytoprotective and immunomodulating properties of piperine on murine splenocytes: an in vitro study. Eur J Pharmacol 576(1–3):160–170
Pathak N, Khandelwal S (2008) Comparative efficacy of piperine, curcumin and picroliv against Cd immunotoxicity in mice. Biometals 21(6):649–661
Pino JA, Aguero J, Fuentes V (2003) Chemical composition of the aerial parts of Piper nigrum L. from Cuba. J Essent Oil Res 15:209–210
Pino JA, Rodriguez-Feo G, Borges P, Rosado A (1990) Chemical and sensory properties of black pepper oil. Nahrung 34(6):555–560
Pradeep CR, Kuttan G (2002) Effect of piperine on the inhibition of lung metastasis induced B16F-10 melanoma cells in mice. Clin Exp Metastasis 19(8):703–708
Pradeep CR, Kuttan G (2003) Effect of piperine on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-alpha production. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 25(3):337–346
Purseglove JW (1968) Tropical crops: dicotyledons, vol 1 and 2. Longman, London, 719 pp
Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd (2000) Effects of piperine on antioxidant pathways in tissues from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 14(6):329–334
Reddy SV, Srinivas P, Praveen B, Kishore KH, Raju CU, Murthy S, Rao JM (2004) Antibacterial constituents from the berries of Piper nigrum. Phytomedicine 11(7–8):697–700
Rho MC, Lee SW, Park HR, Choi JH, Kang JY, Kim K, Lee HS, Kim YK (2007) ACAT inhibition of alkamides identified in the fruits of Piper nigrum. Phytochemistry 68(6):899–903
Richard HM, Jennings WG (1971) Volatile composition of black pepper. J Food Sci 36(4):584–589
Russell GF, Jennings WG (1969) Constituents of black pepper. Oxygenated compounds. J Agric Food Chem 17(5):1107–1112
Sasidharan I, Menon AN (2010) Comparative chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of berry and leaf essential oils of Piper nigrum L. Int J Biol Med Res 1(4):215–218
Schulz H, Baranska M, Quilitzsch R, Schütze W, Lösing G (2005) Characterization of peppercorn, pepper oil, and pepper oleoresin by vibrational spectroscopy methods J. Agric Food Chem 53(9):3358–3363
Semler U, Gross GG (1988) Distribution of piperine in vegetative parts of Piper nigrum. Phytochemistry 27(5):1566–1567
Shwaireb MH, Wrba H, el-Mofty MM, Dutter A (1990) Carcinogenesis induced by black pepper (Piper nigrum) and modulated by vitamin A. Exp Pathol 40(4):233–238
Siddiqui BS, Begum S, Gulzar T, Farhat FN (1997) An amide from fruits of Piper nigrum. Phytochemistry 45(8):1617–1619
Siddiqui BS, Gulzar T, Begum S, Afshan F (2004a) Piptigrine, a new insecticidal amide from Piper nigrum Linn. Nat Prod Res 18(5):473–477
Siddiqui BS, Gulzar T, Begum S, Afshan F, Sattar FA (2004b) Two new insecticidal amide dimers from fruits of Piper nigrum Linn. Helv Chim Acta 87(3):660–666
Siddiqui BS, Gulzar T, Begum S, Afshan F, Sattar FA (2005) Insecticidal amides from fruits of Piper nigrum Linn. Nat Prod Res 19(2):143–150
Siddiqui BS, Gulzar T, Begum S, Afshan F, Sultana R (2008) A new natural product and insecticidal amides from seeds of Piper nigrum Linn. Nat Prod Res 22(13):1107–1111
Siddiqui BS, Gulzar T, Mahmood A, Begum S, Khan B, Afshan F (2004c) New insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried Piper nigrum L. whole fruits. Chem Pharm Bull 52(11):1349–1352
Simas NK, Lima Eda C, Kuster RM, Lage CL, de Oliveira Filho AM (2007) Potential use of Piper nigrum ethanol extract against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti larvae. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 40(4):405–407
Singh A, Rao AR (1993) Evaluation of the modulatory influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on the hepatic detoxication system. Cancer Lett 72(1–2):5–9
Singh G, Marimuthu P, Catalan C, de Lampasona MP (2004) Chemical, antioxidant and antifungal activities of volatile oil of black pepper and its acetone extract. J Sci Food Agric 84(14):1878–1884
Singh R, Singh N, Saini BS, Rao HS (2008) In vitro antioxidant activity of pet ether extract of black pepper. Indian J Pharmacol 40(4):147–151
Srinivas PV, Rao JM (1999) Isopiperolein B: an alkamide from Piper nigrum. Phytochemistry 52(5):957–958
Srinivasan K (2007) Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 47(8):735–748
Su HCF, Horvat R (1981) Isolation, identification, and insecticidal properties of Piper nigrum amides. J Agric Food Chem 29:115–118
Subehan UT, Kadota S, Tezuka Y (2006) Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 72(6):527–532
Tainter DR, Grenis AT (1993) Spices and seasonings. A food technology handbook. Wiley, New York, 226 pp
Taqvi SI, Shah AJ, Gilani AH (2008) Blood pressure lowering and vasomodulator effects of piperine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 52(5):452–458
Tewtrakul S, Hase K, Kadota S, Namba T, Komatsu K, Tanaka K (2000) Fruit oil composition of Piper chaba Hunt, Piper longum L. and Piper nigrum L. J Essent oil Res 12(5):603–608
Traxler JT (1971) Piperanine, a pungent component of black pepper. J Agric Food Chem 19(6):1135–1138
Tsukamoto S, Cha BC, Ohta T (2002a) Dipiperamides A, B, and C: bisalkaloids from the white pepper Piper nigrum inhibiting CYP3A4 activity. Tetrahedron 58(9):1667–1671
Tsukamoto S, Tomise K, Miyakawa K, Cha BC, Abe T, Hamada T, Hirota H, Ohta T (2002b) CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of new bisalkaloids, dipiperamides D and E, and cognates from white pepper. Bioorg Med Chem 10(9):2981–2985
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (2011) USDA National Nutrient Database for standard reference, release 24. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl
Vijayakumar RS, Nalini N (2006a) Efficacy of piperine, an alkaloidal constituent from Piper nigrum on erythrocyte antioxidant status in high fat diet and antithyroid drug induced hyperlipidemic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 24(6):491–498
Vijayakumar RS, Nalini N (2006b) Piperine, an active principle from Piper nigrum, modulates hormonal and apo lipoprotein profiles in hyperlipidemic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 17(2):71–86
Vijayakumar RS, Surya D, Nalini N (2004) Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox Rep 9:105–110
Voesgen B, Herrmann K (1980) Flavonol glycosides of pepper (Piper nigrum L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and Perry), and allspice (Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.). 3. Spice phenols. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 170(3):204–207 (in German)
Wattanathorn J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Muchimapura S, Priprem A, Tankamnerdthai O (2008) Piperine, the potential functional food for mood and cognitive disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 46(9):3106–3110
Wei K, Li W, Koike K, Pei Y, Chen Y, Nikaido T (2004a) Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of two phytosterols from roots of Piper nigrum. Magn Reson Chem 42(3):355–359
Wei K, Li W, Koike K, Pei Y, Chen Y, Nikaido T (2004b) New amide alkaloids from the roots of Piper nigrum. J Nat Prod 67(6):1005–1009
Wei K, Li W, Koike K, Pei Y, Chen Y, Nikaido T (2005) Nigramides A-S, dimeric amide alkaloids from the roots of Piper nigrum. J Org Chem 70(4):1164–1176
Wood AB, Barrow ML, James DJ (1988) Piperine determination in pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its oleoresins – a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Flavour Fragr J 3:55–64
Wrba H, el-Mofty MM, Schwaireb MH, Dutter A (1992) Carcinogenicity testing of some constituents of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Exp Toxicol Pathol 44(2):61–65
Wrolstad RE, Jennings WG (1965) Volatile constituents of black pepper. III. The monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction. J Food Sci 30:274–279
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lim, T.K. (2012). Piper nigrum. In: Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4052-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-4053-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)