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Agriculture and Water Quality in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

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The Mekong Delta System

Part of the book series: Springer Environmental Science and Engineering ((SPRINGERENVIRON))

Abstract

The economy of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is based mainly on agriculture which is in turn heavily relying on the availability of fresh water of good quality. Under the Doi Moi (Renovation) process starting in 1986, agriculture and aquaculture production intensified rapidly partially through increased utilisation of agrichemicals such as fertilizer, pesticides, and veterinary products which contribute to non-point source pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Due to increased pollution by these agrichemicals, the capacity of freshwater systems to provide essential ecosystem services such as to maintain agriculture and aquaculture productivity and sustain human health is therefore under great pressure. This chapter reviews the main pathways of non-point source pollution to the water systems originating from agricultural production and addresses the trade-offs between agriculture and freshwater provisioning. Additionally, the chapter identifies possible measures that have been or could be implemented by the agricultural sector in order to enhance the sustainability of the water based agricultural activities in the Mekong Delta.

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Notes

  1. 1.

       VietNamNet Jan 30, 2011 http://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/society/4486/city-pork-tainted-with-harmful-clenbuterol.htmlwith-harmful-clenbuterol.html

  2. 2.

    IU means international unit which is a unit to measure the activity of vitamins and drugs. The unit is not based on volume or weight but on the biological effect expected with a dose of 1 I.U.

  3. 3.

    Note that Pangasius is not considered anymore as an obligate air breather which was the case over a quarter of a century (Browman and Kramer 1985) with possible implications for the design of Pangasius ponds.

  4. 4.

    EC50 refers to the molar concentration of an agonist (e.g. an antibiotic) that produces 50% of the maximal possible effect of that agonist.

  5. 5.

    CAFE website http://www.khuyennongvn.gov.vn

  6. 6.

    e.g. www.fair-fish.ch; http://qualasaexpertise.wordpress.com

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), UN Campus, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, 53113, Bonn, Germany

    Zita Sebesvari, Huong Thi Thu Le & Fabrice G. Renaud

  2. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany

    Pham Van Toan

  3. College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam

    Pham Van Toan

  4. Section Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Ute Arnold

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  1. Zita Sebesvari
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  2. Huong Thi Thu Le
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  3. Pham Van Toan
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  4. Ute Arnold
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  5. Fabrice G. Renaud
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Correspondence to Zita Sebesvari .

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  1. , Institute for Environment and Human, United Nations University, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, Bonn, 53113, Germany

    Fabrice G. Renaud

  2. , Earth Observation Center, EOC, German Aerospace Center, DLR, ---, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, 82234, Germany

    Claudia Kuenzer

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Sebesvari, Z., Le, H.T.T., Van Toan, P., Arnold, U., Renaud, F.G. (2012). Agriculture and Water Quality in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. In: Renaud, F., Kuenzer, C. (eds) The Mekong Delta System. Springer Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3962-8_13

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