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Latin America—Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile

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Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge

Part of the book series: World Forests ((WFSE,volume 12))

Abstract

Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are home to a wealth of biodiversity and a wide variety of landscapes, which have shaped over many centuries a very rich cultural tradition among the numerous indigenous peoples present in their territory. This chapter deals with the traditional knowledge generated and preserved by these indigenous peoples, their encounter with Western science, and the resulting knowledge hybridisation processes. Key issues such as multipurpose forest management, non-timber forest products, co-management of protected areas, certification, and key elements related to indigenous forest management are presented here as examples of the encounter of these sometimes conflicting paradigms about forests and nature. A brief discussion on cross-cutting issues such as ethical considerations and equitable benefit sharing is included, stressing the need of further advancements along the line of the full recognition of the worth of indigenous traditional knowledge as well as the enforcement of indigenous communities’ property rights.

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Notes

  1. 1.

     The notion of social reproduction is used here as a social phenomenon related to families and the actions aimed at the transmission of material and symbolic capital from one generation to the next one.

  2. 2.

     Wichí elder testimony, cited in Spagarino (2008).

  3. 3.

    Proposed by Raúl Prebisch, the structuralist notions of ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ refer to the relations between an ‘advanced’ metropolis and less developed countries. It was first applied to trade and power structures, and expanded into social and cultural relations.

  4. 4.

     The French equivalent is ‘metissage’, a verb that in its literal meaning denotes the combination of races.

  5. 5.

     Based on Spagarino (2008).

  6. 6.

     The most interesting species are pini or llana (Sacaptotrigona jujuyensis); kolo’pum or rubito (Tetragonisca angustula), and nakwu or moro moro (Melipona favosa orbignyi).

  7. 7.

     There have been formal requests for the creation of a new category of protected areas, the ‘Indigenous Conservation Territory,’ in order to acknowledge the fact that indigenous ancestral land is involved and thus the communities have to be integrated into a participatory protected areas governance body. Seven Mapuche communities from the Province of Neuquén, Argentina, made a similar proposal in 2000—‘Indigenous Protected Territory’—for a disputed area of 110,000 ha known as Pulmarí (Nahuel 2000). Support for the new Indigenous Conservation Territory category has been expressed in the Bariloche Declaration approved by the Second Latin American Congress of National Parks and Other Protected Areas (Bariloche, Argentina, September 30–October 6, 2007). The conclusions of this Congress were presented at a IUCN-supported side event organised by the Latin American Indigenous Forum on Protected Areas, during the CBD 2nd Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group Meeting (Rome, Italy, February 11–15, 2008). This new category would comply with international agreements that protect indigenous peoples’ rights, such as ILO Convention 169, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).

  8. 8.

     Neuquén Mapuche Confederation (Confederación Mapuche de Neuquén) is the organisation representing the Mapuche communities of the Province of Neuquén.

  9. 9.

     Definition adopted at the 2000 workshop mentioned above.

  10. 10.

     Tartagal Rural Extension Agency of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). The agency deals with agroforesty extension, adaptive experimentation, and the promotion of forest plantations and native forest management.

  11. 11.

     Besides the technical support from INTA, Caraparí also received support from an oil company for their carpentry project, and from the Catholic Church for production and marketing.

  12. 12.

     Source: Cámara Forestal de Bolivia, http://www.cfb.org.bo/CFBInicio/ (Last access: 05/15/09).

  13. 13.

     TCO: Tierras Comunitarias de Origen (original community land), was created by the INRA land reform act in 1996. The COPNAG demanded 2,205,369 ha of land as their TCO, of which they were granted 1,350,000 ha. By 2002, they were awarded 900,000 ha, and another 450,000 ha were under assessment.

  14. 14.

     OFC: Community Forestry Organisation (Organización Forestal Comunitaria).

  15. 15.

     The new forestry regime opened the access to forest resources for indigenous communities that had previously been marginalised from forestry rights (BOLFOR II / CADEFOR 2008).

  16. 16.

     Case study based on AER-INTA Tartagal’s reports, and conversations with the headmaster of the high-school.

  17. 17.

     Tartagal Rural Extension Agency of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development, Directorate of Forestry, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mónica Gabay & Sebastián Bessonart

  2. Instituto Forestal, Santiago de Chile, Chile

    Santiago Barros

Authors
  1. Mónica Gabay
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  2. Santiago Barros
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  3. Sebastián Bessonart
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Correspondence to Mónica Gabay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Research & Development Branch, U.S. Forest Service, North Kent Street 1601, Arlington, 22209, Virginia, USA

    John A. Parrotta

  2. , American Indian Studies, The University of Arizona, E. Second Street 1103, Tuscon, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Ronald L. Trosper

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Gabay, M., Barros, S., Bessonart, S. (2012). Latin America—Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. In: Parrotta, J., Trosper, R. (eds) Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge. World Forests, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_3

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