Introduction

Abstract

Society is rapidly evolving. It is becoming more diverse and complex. Such a society requires its members to be sophisticated problem solvers. Problem solving in a complex and evolving context implies consideration of multiple interpretations of the problem and conceptualization of different solutions and solution strategies. A large number of social problems is discussed in relation to scientific findings. An adequate understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge is a necessity for public engagement with science, that is, for an active civic participation in modern science- and technology-based societies. As a consequence, sophisticated problem solving should be discussed in close relation to the concepts of cognitive flexibility and epistemological beliefs.