Abstract
Thompson (1991, 1993) measured ground-level concentrations profiles (GLCPs) for 330 combinations of stack height, building type and distance between stack and building. Cosemans and Lefebvre (Dispersion parameters in a wind tunnel and in the field: analysing Thompson’s 1991 wind tunnel data for isolated stacks with IFDM, and its application to building downwash. In: Preprints of the 13th international conference on harmonisation within atmospheric dispersion for regulatory purposes, Paris, pp 304–308, 2010) derived dispersion parameters needed by the bi-Gaussian transport and dispersion equation to reproduce the GLCPs measured for nine isolated stacks. Now, we present a formula to reproduce the 321 other GLCPs, measured. Basically, the plume affected by building downwash is replaced by a set of plumes that have a modified lognormal distribution of height and pollutant mass. The different phenomena that influence plume growth subject to building downwash are modelled by virtual origin functions. Incorporating this in a regulatory plume model could strongly increase the capacity of such model to predict the pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of buildings neighbouring emission sources
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Notes
- 1.
The lognormal distribution prevents that some plume are situated below the wind tunnel floor whereas the absolute value of zp, avoids that some plumes go through the wind tunnel ceiling.
- 2.
The 321 measured GLC profiles differ in building type i, stack height h s and/or distance stack-building x s . Using the index-triplet i,j,k to denote these three dimensions, functions such as x * (x) use constants such as the upwind displacement x *0 , whose value x * 0,i,j,k for a particular GLC-profile has been tabulated for use in Eq. 14.3. The tables of all i,j,k-parameters needed can not be given here, some values however are at the end of this section.
- 3.
Equation 14.7 can be used to calculate σ z,i,j,k given the value of ζ i,j,k.
References
Bultynck H, Malet L (1972) Evaluation of atmospheric dilution factors for effluents diffused from an elevated continuous point source. Tellus 24:445–472
Cosemans G, Lefebvre W (2010) Dispersion parameters in a wind tunnel and in the field: analysing Thompson’s 1991 wind tunnel data for isolated stacks with IFDM, and its application to building downwash. In: Preprints of the 13th international conference on harmonisation within atmospheric dispersion for regulatory purposes, Paris, pp 304–308
Thompson RS (1991) Data report. Project: Building amplification factors.US EPA
Thompson RS (1993) Building amplification factors for sources near buildings – a wind-tunnel study. Atmos Environ A 27:2313–2325
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Cosemans, G., Lefebvre, W. (2011). A New Approach to Building Downwash Modelling. In: Steyn, D., Trini Castelli, S. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1359-8_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1359-8_14
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