Abstract
Ultra-low frequency (ULF; approx. 1 mHz ≤ f ≤ 10 Hz) MHD plasma waves are readily recorded throughout the Earth’s magnetosphere and on the ground. Generated by a variety of instabilities, ULF waves transport and couple energy throughout the system, and may play important roles in the energization and loss of radiation belt particles. ULF waves also provide a convenient probe and diagnostic monitor of the magnetosphere. The availability of multipoint measurements from spacecraft, ionospheric sounders and ground magnetometer arrays and the increasing sophistication of modeling tools have stimulated much recent progress in this area. Nevertheless, fundamental questions remain regarding the generation, propagation and consequences of these waves. This chapter reviews recent developments in these areas.
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Menk, F.W. (2011). Magnetospheric ULF Waves: A Review. In: Liu, W., Fujimoto, M. (eds) The Dynamic Magnetosphere. IAGA Special Sopron Book Series, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0501-2_13
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