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Role of Inflammation in the Early Stages of Liver Metastasis

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Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Management

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 16))

Abstract

Clinical investigations have revealed compelling data suggesting the presence of synergistic interactions between inflammatory processes and liver metastasis. A large body of evidence at the cellular and molecular levels corroborates these clinical findings. Indeed, the liver microenvironment has the capacity to generate and respond to inflammatory signals and cancer progression is characterized by inflammation. Inflammation can have a direct impact on the phenotype of circulating tumor cells, it can affect cell adhesion profiles within the liver’s microvasculature and it can potentiate interactions between circulating cancer cells and circulating immune cells. This chapter outlines the major mechanisms by which the liver microenvironment responds to inflammatory cues and how this response affects the ability of circulating tumor cells to colonize the liver and generate metastases. This crossroad between inflammation and liver metastasis is an important avenue for therapeutic intervention.

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Abbreviations

BMDM:

bone marrow derived macrophage

CAM:

cell adhesion molecule

CTC:

circulating tumor cell

HSC:

hepatic stellate sell

IVM:

intravital microscopy

SEC:

sinusoidal endothelial cell

NKT:

natural killer T cell

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule 1

LFA-1:

lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1

PECAM-1:

platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 or CD31

PSGL-1:

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1

sLex :

Sialyl Lewis X

sLea :

Sialyl Lewis A

VLA-4:

Very late antigen 4

ESL-1:

E-selectin ligand 1

CXCR2:

CXCL1 and CXCL 7 receptor

IL-1:

interleukin 1

IL-6:

interleukin 6

IL-8:

interleukin 8

IP-10:

interferon-gamma-induced protein or CXCL10

IFN-γ:

inteferon γ

KC/GRO:

CXCL1

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

LTA:

lipotechoic acid

Mac-1:

macrophage-1 antigen. Composed of CD11b and CD18

MadCAM:

mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1

MIP-1:

macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1

MIP-2:

macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 or CXCL2

MIP-3:

macrophage inflammatory protein 3 or CCL20

MCP-1:

monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 or CCL2 chemokine

RANTES:

regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted. Also known as CCL-5 chemokine

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor β

TLR:

toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor α

TNFR1:

tumor necrosis factor receptor 1

TNFR2:

tumor necrosis factor receptor 2

ERK:

extracellular signal-regulated kinases

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinases

MAPK:

mitogen activated protein kinase

MyD88:

myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain of activated B cells

PI3K:

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

H-59:

murine Lewis lung carcinoma cell line, heavily metastatic to liver.

CX-1:

human colon adenocarcinoma cell line metastatic to liver.

M-27:

murine Lewis lung carcinoma cell line, poorly metastatic to liver.

MIP-101:

human colon adenocarcinoma cell line poorly metastatic to liver.

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

TSU68:

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

FGFR1:

fibroblast growth factor receptor 1

PDGFR:

platelet derived growth factor receptor

VEGFR2:

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

GFP:

green fluorescent protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The LD McLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jonathan Spicer

  2. Division of Surgical Research, Royal Victoria Hospital, University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1

    Pnina Brodt

  3. The LD McLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, The Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Lorenzo Ferri

  4. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Room L9-112, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada

    Lorenzo Ferri

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  1. Jonathan Spicer
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  2. Pnina Brodt
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  3. Lorenzo Ferri
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Correspondence to Lorenzo Ferri .

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  1. Royal Victoria Hospital, Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Centre, Pine Ave W. 687, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Québec, Canada

    Pnina Brodt

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Spicer, J., Brodt, P., Ferri, L. (2011). Role of Inflammation in the Early Stages of Liver Metastasis. In: Brodt, P. (eds) Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Management. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0292-9_6

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