Abstract
The article presents the effects of NO on myocardial functions including its pronounced influence on myocardium contraction and heart rhythm. Attention is given to cell signaling of nitric oxide in the heart. It is demonstrated that in general the final effect of NO depends on the cellular source of NO, amount of NO release, the prevailing redox balance and antioxidant status, stimuli such as coronary flow rate and heart rate, the target tissue, interaction with neurohumoral and other stimuli, activity level of the immune system and activation of cGMP-dependent and independent intracellular cascades. A number of experiments conducted on whole hearts lets us suppose that NO and NO-synthases as NO origins, directly regulate the conductivity of mechanically gated channels (MGCs). This study discusses experimental data obtained from isolated ventricular myocytes of mouse, rat and guinea pig by means of patch-clamp in the whole-cell configuration about the role of NO in the regulation of MGCs. Presented data demonstrate that NO donors lead to MGCs activation and appearance of MG-like currents in unstretched ventricular myocytes, while in stretched cells with activated MGCs NO donors lead to inactivation and inhibition of the conductivity of these channels. The NO scavenger PTIO causes inactivation of all MGCs. In unstretched cells the conductance through MGCs is blocked, which is present in control before deformation. PTIO causes complete inhibition of stretch induced MG-current during presence of cellular stretch. Application of non selective inhibitors of NO-synthases L-NAME or L-NMMA resulted in a complete blockade of MGCs. The presented data are instituted on cells of transgenic mice. In ventricular myocytes of wild-type mice, NOS1–/– and NOS2–/– stretching of cells results in an activation of typical MG-currents. On the contrary, in cells from NOS3–/– mice stretch does not activate MG-currents. The results suggest that NO plays an important role in the activation and inactivation of MGCs in cardiomyocytes and demonstrate that NOS3 dominates as NO origin.
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Notes
- 1.
Here we must make the following note. The differential current that occurs under cell stretch as a result of I increase (e.g., the difference of I S minus I C) or the differential current occurring as compared to the control under the drugs effect (the difference of I Drug minus I C) was marked with a minus sign. To make it easier for the reader and to avoid confusion with the differential current under cell relaxation after stretch or the differential current resulting from I return registered in a stretched cell to the control under the drugs effect, the latter we mark conventionally with a plus sign in brackets (+).
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from RFBR (09-04-01277a), DFG (Tr 02-A3) and a travel grant from the Humboldt-University (Berlin, Germany). VK, AK and IK thank Prof. G. Isenberg and Prof. P. Persson for providing the opportunity to perform some of experiments and general support of this work.
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Kazanski, V., Kamkin, A., Makarenko, E., Lysenko, N., Lapina, N., Kiseleva, I. (2010). The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Mechanically Gated Channels in the Heart. In: Kamkin, A., Kiseleva, I. (eds) Mechanosensitivity and Mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9881-8_5
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