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Angiogenesis, the Neurovascular Niche and Neuronal Reintegration After Injury

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Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Vascular Diseases

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Abstract

Injury to the central nervous system caused by traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injury, stroke, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases and hypoxia all evoke a repair process involving angio-genesis and neuro-genesis. Optimal structural and functional recovery is dependent upon a coupled angio- and neuro-genesis, which occur in specific neurogenic zones in the Central Nervous System (CNS). This coupled response is thought to provide the individual with the cellular elements that effect repair and ultimately clinical improvement. However, only some affected individuals survive and exhibit evidence of clinical improvement following these injuries/disease states and the improvement is variable. A more complete understanding of the cell biology of the cells comprising this niche and their dynamic interactions with each other and the surrounding extracellular matrix is crucial to our ability to beneficially intervene therapeutically to increase the percentage of affected individuals surviving and exhibiting clinical improvement and the extent of their improvement. In this chapter we discuss the importance of biocompatible engineered scaffolds that mimic the structural and functional properties of the CNS neurogenic zones in developing tissue culture and animal models which will allow a better, more detailed understanding of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions crucial for maintenance of niche cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation and the ultimate development of implantable stem cell containing scaffolds as a therapeutic approach.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the past and current members of the Madri and Lavik laboratories. This work was supported in part by USPHS grants R37-HL28373, RO1-HL51018, PO1-NS35476 and The Reed Foundation (to JAM) and through the generous support of Richard and Gail Siegal and a generous gift of Carol Sirot and the Coulter Foundation (to EL). The authors also acknowledge Ms. Cicely Williams for providing Fig. 7.2e.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden Building, 10900 Euclid Avenue, 44106-7207, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Erin Lavik

  2. Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, 06520-8023, CT, USA

    Joseph A. Madri

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  1. Erin Lavik
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  2. Joseph A. Madri
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Correspondence to Joseph A. Madri .

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  1. , SBCHS, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom

    Mark Slevin

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Lavik, E., Madri, J.A. (2010). Angiogenesis, the Neurovascular Niche and Neuronal Reintegration After Injury. In: Slevin, M. (eds) Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Vascular Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9495-7_7

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