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Sialomic Perspectives on the Evolution of Blood-Feeding Behavior in Arthropods: Future Therapeutics by Natural Design

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Toxins and Hemostasis

Abstract

Blood-feeding behavior evolved more than 20 times independently in Arthropods. This happened at least 6 times in the Arachnida (Acari) and 15 times in the Hexapoda (Neoptera). This is recapitulated when transcriptomes from the secretory component of salivary glands (Sialomes) are compared. As such, unique protein families are found for the different lineages that adapted to a blood-feeding lifestyle with only a limited number of protein families conserved across all lineages. Closely related lineages might share similar sets of protein families in their sialomes, even if no apparent orthologous or conserved functional relationships exist. This suggests that sialomes of such lineages where already defined before adaptation to a blood-feeding lifestyle, with subsequent innovation. In this regard, the same sets of shared protein families tend to be abundant and prone to lineage specific expansion (gene duplication) with specialized functions associated with various gene duplicates. Perhaps not surprisingly, all sialomes show evidence of convergent evolution in regard modulatory strategies that targets host defenses, even if the molecular mechanisms differ. As such, a checklist of expected functions can be composed for any blood-feeding arthropod not yet characterized. The diversity of mechanisms that counteract vertebrate host immune and hemostatic systems is a veritable pharmacopoeia, optimized by natural evolution, that can be exploited for therapeutic use.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Because IMBF is a government employee and this is a government work, the work is in the public domain in the United States. Notwithstanding any other agreements, the NIH reserves the right to provide the work to PubMedCentral for display and use by the public, and PubMedCentral may tag or modify the work consistent with its customary practices. You can establish rights outside of the U.S. subject to a government use license.

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  1. Parasites, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa

    B.J. Mans

  2. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    B.J. Mans

  3. Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852-8132, USA

    I.M.B. Francischetti

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  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4 14, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    R. Manjunatha Kini

  2. , Department of Haematology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland

    Kenneth J Clemetson

  3. , Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus/9270, Los Angeles, 90089, USA

    Francis S. Markland

  4. , Medical Technology, University of Delaware, 305G Willard Hall Educ Bld, Newark, 19716, Delaware, USA

    Mary Ann McLane

  5. , Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Nishio Kiyose 2-522-1, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan

    Takashi Morita

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Mans, B., Francischetti, I. (2010). Sialomic Perspectives on the Evolution of Blood-Feeding Behavior in Arthropods: Future Therapeutics by Natural Design. In: Kini, R., Clemetson, K., Markland, F., McLane, M., Morita, T. (eds) Toxins and Hemostasis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_3

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