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The Application of Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Microphytobenthic Biofilms

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Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 4))

Abstract

Community assemblages of diatoms, green algae and cyanobacteria comprise the microphytobenthos (MPB), which inhabit benthic sediment ecosystems (Admiraal 1984; Underwood and Kromkamp 1999; Consalvey et al. 2004). Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of intertidal soft sediment systems, e.g. cohesive mudflat and sandy substrata typical of estuarine habitats. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence has been applied to these systems since the 1990s, in an attempt to investigate the primary productivity and photophysiology of the integrated biofilms, when viewed as a “black box system”, and also at the species level (Sections 5, 6 and 7). These transient (i.e. temporary) biofilms are not confined to such soft sediment habitats however, and more recently application of fluorescence methodologies has been applied to biofilms inhabiting rocky shores and stromatolite systems (Kromkamp et al. 2007; Perkins et al. 2007). However the large majority of published work has centred upon benthic soft-sediment biofilms, due to their important ecosystem functions of carbon flow and sediment stability (Underwood and Kromkamp 1999). In the former their high magnitude of productivity fuels carbon flow through invertebrate and bacterial food webs to support important trophic levels of anthropogenically exploited taxa, including coastal fish and shell fisheries and coastal avifauna. In the case of sediment stability, biogenic exopolymers, usually referred to as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), produced by the MPB in part to facilitate mobility, may contribute significantly to sediment stability, hence increasing the sediment resistance to hydrodynamic stresses and thus resistance to coastal erosion (e.g. Underwood and Kromkamp 1999 and citations there-in). Finally, the photosynthetic production of oxygen can be regarded as an important ecosystem function.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Walz fluorometers such as the Diving-PAM and Water-PAM are programmed to have 8 step light curves. However other manufacturer’s fluorometers differ and can allow the number of steps to be dictated by the user.

  2. 2.

    Several manufacturers make PAM-like fluorometers (e.g. Walz, PSI, Hansatech, Moldaenke). Fluorometers using the ST-protocol are made by Chelsea Instruments, Satlantic, PSI (and some Walz models). The former 2 use the FRRF protocol and can apply MT and ST flashes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK

    R. G. Perkins

  2. NIOO-KNAW Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology, 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands

    J. C. Kromkamp

  3. Departamento de Biologia and CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    J. Serôdio

  4. CNRS UMR6250 ‘LIENSs’, Institute for Coastal and Environmental Research (ILE), University of La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042, La Rochelle cedex, France

    J. Lavaud

  5. Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal

    B. Jesus

  6. Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biochimie végétales, MMS EA 2160, Université du Maine, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France

    J. L. Mouget

  7. Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marine, Université de Caen, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France

    S. Lefebvre

  8. Ecosystem Interactions, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK

    R. M. Forster

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  1. R. G. Perkins
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  4. J. Lavaud
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  8. R. M. Forster
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Correspondence to R. G. Perkins .

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  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom

    David J. Suggett

  2. Institute of Microbiology, Opatovciky mlyn, Trebon, 379 81, Czech Republic

    Ondrej Prášil

  3. Murdoch University, School of Biological Sciences and Biotec, Algae R&D Center, Murdoch, 6150, West Australia, Australia

    Michael A. Borowitzka

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Perkins, R.G. et al. (2010). The Application of Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Microphytobenthic Biofilms. In: Suggett, D., Prášil, O., Borowitzka, M. (eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9268-7_12

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