Abstract
The scale of contemporary environmental risks suggests that they should be managed at the societal level, but neoliberal planning transfers some responsibility for their management to individuals. Devolution of these responsibilities ignores disparities in individual capacity to address or contest risk scenarios. Abandoning risk management to market forces disregards discrimination in planning processes, thereby ignoring the needs of socio-economic groups which are unable to participate equally within an increasingly marketised and scientised debate. Through an examination of a contaminated land crisis in the cities of Auckland, New Zealand, we illustrate how newly responsibilised individuals do not possess the financial resources to influence both their exposure to risk and risk management decisions. Obliging individuals to undertake risk avoidance measures in the absence of such resources has been employed by local authorities to evade responsibility and to reduce the cost of research and remediation. This not only responsibilises those who are least able to respond to problems which are not of their own making, it also fails to address the underlying causes of risk exposure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ARC. (2008). Discharges to land and water and land management: Proposed Auckland regional plan for air, land and water. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council.
Atkinson, W. (2007). Beck, individualisation and the death of class: A critique. British Journal of Sociology, 58(3), 349–366.
Baker, D. C., Sipe, N. G., & Gleeson, B. J. (2006). Performance-based planning – perspectives from the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(4), 396–409.
Barnett, J., & Pauling, J. (2005). The environmental effects of New Zealand’s free-market reforms. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 7, 271–289.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage.
Castree, N. (2008). Neoliberalising nature: processes, effects, and evaluations. Environment and Planning A, 40(1), 153–171.
Coombes, B. (2003). Ecospatial outcomes of neoliberal planning: Habitat management in Auckland Region, New Zealand. Environment and Planning B, 30(2), 201–218.
DuPuis, E. M., & Gareau, B. J. (2008). Neoliberal knowledge: The decline of technocracy and the weakening of the Montreal Protocol. Social Science Quarterly, 89(5), 1212–1229.
Elliott, J. R., & Pais, J. (2006). Race, class, and Hurricane Katrina: Social differences in human responses to disaster. Social Science Research, 35(2), 295–321.
Gareau, B. J. (2008). Dangerous holes in global environmental governance: The roles of neoliberal discourse, science, and California agriculture in the Montreal Protocol. Antipode, 40(1), 102–130.
Gaw, S. K. (2002). Pesticides in horticultural soils in the Auckland Region. ARC Working Report No. 96. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council.
Geisinger, A. (2001). Rethinking risk-based environmental cleanup. Indiana Law Journal, 76(1–2), 366–401.
Gregory, R., Failing, L., Ohlson, D., & McDaniels, T. L. (2006). Some pitfalls of an overemphasis on science in environmental risk management decisions. Journal of Risk Research, 9(7), 717–735.
Gunder, M., & Mouat, C. (2002). Symbolic violence and victimisation in planning processes: A reconnoitre of the New Zealand Resource Management Act. Planning Theory, 1, 124–145.
Haggerty, J. H. (2007). ‘I’m not a greenie but…’ Environmentality, eco-populism and governance in New Zealand. Experiences from the Southland whitebait fishery. Journal of Rural Studies, 23(2), 222–237.
Hales, S., Black, W., Skelly, C., Salmond, C., & Weinstein, P. (2003). Social deprivation and the public health risks of community drinking water supplies in New Zealand. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 581–583.
Harrison, J. (2008). Abandoned bodies and spaces of sacrifice: Pesticide drift activism and the contestation of neoliberal environmental politics in California. Geoforum, 39(3), 1197–1214.
Herbert, S. (2005). The trapdoor of community. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(4), 850–865.
Holifield, R. (2004). Neoliberalism and environmental justice in the United States environmental protection agency: Translating policy into managerial practice in hazardous waste remediation. Geoforum, 35(3), 285–297.
Holifield, R. (2009). Actor-network theory as a critical approach to environmental justice: A case against synthesis with urban political ecology. Antipode, 41(4), 637–658.
Jackson, T., & Dixon, J. (2007). The New Zealand resource management act: An exercise in delivering sustainable development through an ecological modernisation agenda. Environment and Planning B, 34(1), 107–120.
Jasanoff, S. (1999). The songlines of risk. Environmental Values, 8(2), 135–152.
Lockie, S. (2009). Responsibility and agency within alternative food networks: Assembling the ‘citizen consumer’. Agriculture and Human Values, 26(3), 193–201.
Lockie, S., & Higgins, V. (2007). Roll-out neoliberalism and hybrid practices of regulation in Australian agri-environmental governance. Journal of Rural Studies, 23(1), 1–11.
Maantay, J. (2002). Zoning law, health, and environmental justice: What’s the connection? Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30(4), 572–593.
Martin, M. (2004, November 3). HNZC properties in historic horticultural activity areas. New Zealand Herald, p. 3.
MfE. (2006). Working towards a comprehensive policy framework for managing contaminated land in New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry for the Environment.
Miraftab, F. (2004). Public-private partnerships – the Trojan horse of neoliberal development? Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24(1), 89–101.
Montgomery, R. L., & Kidd, J. A. H. (2004). An appraisal of environmental conflict management provisions in New Zealand’s Resource Management Act 1991. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 45(1), 105–123.
O’Malley, P. (2000). Uncertain subjects: Risks, liberalism and contract. Economy and Society, 29(4), 460–484.
O’Neill, C. A. (2003). Risk avoidance, cultural discrimination, and environmental justice for indigenous peoples. Ecology Law Quarterly, 30(1), 1–57.
Pearce, J., & Kingham, S. (2008). Environmental inequalities in New Zealand: A national study of air pollution and environmental justice. Geoforum, 39(2), 980–993.
Perkins, H. C., & Thorns, D. C. (2001). A decade on: Reflections on the Resource Management Act 1991 and the practice of urban planning in New Zealand. Environment and Planning B, 28(5), 639–654.
Prudham, S. (2004). Poisoning the well: Neoliberalism and the contamination of municipal water in Walkerton, Ontario. Geoforum, 35(3), 343–359.
Raco, M. (2005). Sustainable development, rolled-out neoliberalism and sustainable communities. Antipode, 37(2), 324–347.
Rayner, S. (2007). The rise of risk and the decline of politics. Environmental Hazards, 7(2), 165–172.
Robbins, P., & Luginbuhl, A. (2005). The last enclosure: Resisting privatisation of wildlife in the Western United States. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, 16(1), 46–61.
Robertson, M. (2006). The nature that capital can see: Science, state, and market in the commodification of ecosystem services. Environment and Planning D, 24(3), 367–387.
Shields, E. (2005). Chemical residues on horticultural sites: Update. Waitakere: Waitakere City Council.
Walker, G. (2009). Beyond distribution and proximity: Exploring the multiple spatialities of environmental justice. Antipode, 41(4), 614–636.
WCC. (2004). Council stands by LIM notifications. Waitakere: Waitakere City Council Media Release, 7.6.2004.
WCC. (2005). Discussion of LIM notifications. Waitakere: Waitakere City Council Media ReleaseWaitakere: Waitakere City Council Media Release, 8.2.2005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, C., Coombes, B. (2012). Washing Their Hands of It? Auckland Cities’ Risk Management of Formerly Horticultural Land as Neoliberal Responsibilisation. In: Tasan-Kok, T., Baeten, G. (eds) Contradictions of Neoliberal Planning. GeoJournal Library, vol 102. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8924-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8924-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8923-6
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-8924-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)