Skip to main content

Breastfeeding and Child Spacing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Childbirth Across Cultures

Part of the book series: Science Across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Science ((SACH,volume 5))

  • 3286 Accesses

Abstract

Breastfeeding is an inexpensive, natural source of nature’s perfectly defined food for infants. In addition to optimal nutrition, breastfeeding provides infants with natural immunity to childhood diseases through antibodies in the mother’s milk, thereby increasing health and decreasing mortality. If both are in good health, breastfeeding can provide an important bonding experience between mother and child. But breastfeeding has another benefit as well: suppressing ovulation and delaying the return of menstruation, which effectively acts as a natural contraceptive to increase child spacing. Exclusive breastfeeding is a very active component of culture in many countries, where it is often used to lengthen the time between births of successive children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmed, Shamoly., et al. “Evaluating Bilingual Peer Support for Breastfeeding in a Local Sure Start.” British Journal of Midwifery 14.8 (2006): 467–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alan Guttmacher Institute. “Lactational Amenorrhea Method Provides Effective Postpartum Contraception.” International Family Planning Perspectives 24.1 (1998): 45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellagio Meeting Participants. “Consensus Statement: Lactational Amenorrhea Method for Family Planning.” Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 41.5 (1996): 405–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cable, Thomas A., and Lee A. Rothenberger. “Breast-feeding Behavioral Patterns Among La Leche League Mothers: A Descriptive Survey.” Pediatrics 73.6 (1984): 830–835.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chertok, Ilana R., Ilana Shoham-Vardi, and Mordechai Hallak. “Four-Month Breastfeeding Duration in Post-Cesarean Women of Different Cultures in the Israeli Negev.” Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing 18.2 (2004): 145–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Couple to Couple League International. Breastfeeding: Does it Really Space Babies? Cincinnati: Couple to Couple League International, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egbuono, I., et al. “Breast-Feeding, Return of Menses, Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Practices Among Mothers in the First Six Months of Lactation in Onitsha, South Eastern Nigeria.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 25.2 (2005): 500–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fehring, R. J. “The Future of Professional Education in Natural Family Planning.” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing 33.1 (2003): 34–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geerling, John H. “Natural Family Planning.” American Family Physician 52.6 (1995):1749–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottesman, Nancy. “Barriers to Breastfeeding.” Fit Pregnancy 13.7 (2007): 116–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Health & Medicine Week Editors. “Egyptian Women Would Accept Breastfeeding as Family Planning Method.” Health & Medicine Week 12 July 2004: 243–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, Valerie, and Mayling Simpson, Eds. Breastfeeding, Child Health and Child Spacing: Cross- Cultural Perspectives. Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, Karen B. “Lactational Amenorrhea Method as a Contraceptive.” British Journal of Midwifery 13.4 (2005): 29–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns Hopkins University. Population Reports 33.4 (2006): 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns Hopkins University. Population Reports 24.2 (1996): 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan-Welch, Marti, and Bonnie Lee Harbaugh. “End the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity…One Family at a Time.” American Nurse Today 3.6 (2008): 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, K.I., and C.M. Visness. “Contraceptive Efficacy of Lactational Amenorrhea.” Lancet 339.8787 (1992): 227–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kippley, John F., and Sheila K. Kippley. The Art of Natural Family Planning. 4th ed. Cincinnati: Couple to Couple League International, Inc., 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kippley, Sheila Matgen. Breastfeeding and Natural Child Spacing. 4th ed. Cincinnati: Couple to Couple League International, Inc., 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuti, Oluwafemi, Adebayo B. Adeyemi, and Alexander T. Owolabi. “Breast-Feeding Pattern and Onset of Menstruation Among Yoruba Mothers of South-West Nigeria.” The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 12.4 (2007): 335–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutter, Chessa K., et al. “The Effectiveness of a Hospital-based Program to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Low-income Women in Brazil.” American Journal of Public Health87.4 (1997): 659–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojofeitimi, E.O. “Effect of Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding on Postpartum Amenorrhea.” Pediatrics 69.2 (1982): 164–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain, Rachel, Cathy Bailey, and Graham Mowl. “Infant Feeding in North East England: Contested Spaces of Reproduction.” Area 33.3 (2001): 261–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardue, Naomi L. “On the LAM (Lactation Amenorrhea Method).” Mothering 72 (1994): 76–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, Christine “Local Health Counselors Must Counter Cultural Barriers to Encourage Breast-Feeding.” The Sun. Lowell, Massachusetts 31 July 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool, Robert, Stella Nyanzi, and James A.G. Whitworth. “Breastfeeding Practices and Attitudes Relevant to the Vertical Transmission of HIV in Rural South-west Uganda.” Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 21 (2001): 119–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, Brian, and Lala Carr Steelman. “Feeling the Pinch: Child Spacing and Constraints on Parental Economic Investments in Children.” Social Forces 73.4 (1995): 1465–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raine, Pamela. “Promoting Breast-feeding in a Deprived Area: The Influence of a Peer Support Initiative.” Health and Social Care in the Community 11.6 (2003): 463–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Short, R. V., and P. R. Lewis. “Contraceptive Effects of Extended Lactational Amenorrhoea: Beyond the Bellagio Consensus.” Lancet 337.8743 (1991): 715–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simopoulos, Artemis P., and Gilman D. Grave. “Factors Associated with the Choice and Duration of Infant-Feeding Practice.” Pediatrics 74.4 (1984): S603–S614.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, Grish. “Logistic Regression of Post-Partum Amenorrhoea on Exclusive Breastfeeding.” Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 8.2 (2008): 5–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, Grish. “Pattern of Breastfeeding and Its Impact on Post-Partum Amenorrhoea: A Cross-Sectional Study.” Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 4.1 (2007): 5–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Elizabeth. “Child Spacing for Healthy Mother and Healthy Baby.” International Journal of Childbirth Education 21.4 (2006): 36–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanback, John, and Heidi W. Reynolds. “In Search of Seamless Transition to Post-Lactation Amenorrhea Method Contraception.” International Family Planning Perspectives 28.4 (2002): 225–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunil, T. S., and Vijayan K. Pillai. “Breast-feeding Programs and Lactational Amenorrhea: Evaluation Using Event History Analysis.” The Social Science Journal 38 (2001): 409–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Esterik, Penny. “Contemporary Trends in Infant Feeding Research.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31 (2002): 257–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Esterik, Penny. “The Politics of Breastfeeding.” Food and Culture: A Reader. Ed. Carole Counihan, and Penny Van Esterik. New York: Routledge, 1996. 370–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. “The World Health Organization Multinational Study of Breast-feeding and Lactational Amenorrhea. III. Pregnancy During Breast-Feeding.” Fertility and Sterility 72.3 (1999): 431–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. “Breastfeeding as a Means to Fertility Regulation: Reviewing the Evidence.” Progress in Reproductive Health Research 55 (2000): 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rebecca Sundhagen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sundhagen, R. (2009). Breastfeeding and Child Spacing. In: Selin, H. (eds) Childbirth Across Cultures. Science Across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Science, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2599-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics