Abstract
The ultrasound findings in a subject with cerebral venous thrombosis can be different according to the course of the disease over time, and therefore, also the role of neurosonological technique changes in the various stages. For both aspects, the acute phase and the follow-up can be distinguished.
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Movie 7.1: Movie of the BVR insonation in the post-peduncular segment from the left temporal bone window. The insonation occurs at the level of the ipsilateral BVR, which appears orthograde and with a normal flow modulation, and at the level of the contralateral BVR with inverted flow direction (AVI 13633 kb)
Movie 7.2: The GV seems patent and the orthograde, if insonated from the left temporal bone window (AVI 6365 kb)
Movie 7.3: The left SPaS, ipsilateral to the side of insonation, has a bidirectional flow direction, as showed by the Doppler waveform simultaneously sampled to and from the probe (AVI 4901 kb)
Movie 7.4: TCCS from the left temporal bone window in axial scan in Power-mode. It shows a great increase in blood flow velocity and pulsatility at the medial end of the SPS, whose direction is orthograde (AVI 1099 kb)
Movie 7.5: Confluens of sinuses and left TS sinus are evaluated from the contralateral approach in Power-mode. There is a partial recanalization of the medial segment of the left TS, whose direction is inverted (AVI 15202 kb)
Movie 7.6: Longitudinal scan of J2 IJV in Color-mode in a patient with cerebral vein thrombosis involving the left TS. In the dynamic view it is well evident the alternating flow direction of J2 IJV in comparison with the orthograde CCA (AVI 1263 kb)
Movie 7.7: Longitudinal scan of the right J2 IJV in Color-mode (same subject of figure 7.9). The dynamic flow features seem to be normal with orthograde direction, also in comparison with the close ICA, unlike the contralateral IJV (AVI 1135 kb)
Movie 7.8: TCCS from the temporal bone window on the diencephalic plane with posterior tilting of the probe (same patient of the previous figure) in Color-mode (AVI 1736 kb)
Movie 7.9: TCCS from the temporal bone window on the diencephalic plane with posterior tilting of the probe (same patient of the previous figure) in Power-mode (AVI 4103 kb)
Movie 7.10: TCCS from temporal bone window in axial access on the ventricular plane in patient with a FAV whose drainage involves the GV (same patient of the previous figure). The Doppler waveform of the GV shows an increased flow velocity with high pulsatility pattern, arterial-like (AVI 6203 kb)
Movie 7.11: TCCS from temporal bone window in axial access on the ventricular plane in patient with a FAV whose drainage involves the GV (same patient of the previous figure). The Doppler waveform of the distal segment of the GV shows a markedly turbulent Doppler waveform and the acoustic correlate represented by “musical murmurs” (AVI 2298 kb)
Movie 7.12: TCCS from the ophtalmic window, Power-mode in patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula. The Doppler waveform at the nidus is shown with a pseudoarterialized pattern (AVI 5941 kb)
Movie 7.13: TCCS from the ophtalmic window, Power-mode in patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula. The Doppler signal at the level of the arterio-venous communication has bidirectional harmonic artifacts corresponding to the “musical murmurs” (AVI 3216 kb)
Movie 7.14: TCCS from the temporal bone window, in coronal access on the carotid syphon in patient with a carotid cavernous fistula. It is shown the Doppler waveform, corresponding to the ICA with a bidirectional and turbulent flow (AVI 6074 kb)
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Malferrari, G., Zedde, M., Prati, P. (2014). Main Pathological Pictures with Ultrasound. In: Neurosonological Evaluation of Cerebral Venous Outflow. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5465-3_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5465-3_7
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