Abstract
As has already been stated in describing the chemical and physical properties of the sulfur hexafluoride microbubble [1, 2], it has no excretion through the emunctory kidney. Though this means the advantage that it can be used in patients with reduced renal functionality, from the diagnostic point of view it presents a limit in the detection of urothelial lesions in the calicopyelic and ureteral regions. In fact, the presence of new urothelial formations within the kidney may be suspect when accompanied by hydronephrosis or when a mass is detected with infiltrative growth into the parenchyma: compared to the baseline sonogram, CEUS can more accurately identify the presence of a lesion with heterogeneous and variable post-contrast enhancement (Fig. 3.1), when combined with calyceal dilatation or of the renal pelvis (Fig. 3.2); but it does not provide a reliable determination if it belongs to the urinary excretory system. For this reason, the uroCT (urographic CT) or the uroMRI (urographic MRI) turn out to be the methods of choice (Fig. 3.3).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Quaia E (2007) Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents: an update. Eur Radiol 17:1995–2008
Piscaglia F, Nolsøe C, Dietrich CF et al (2012) The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical practice of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications. Ultraschall Med 33:33–59
Nicolau C, Bunesch L, Peri L et al (2010) Accuracy of contrast enhanced ultrasound in the detection of bladder cancer. Br J Radiol 84:1091–1099
Caruso G, Salvaggio G, Campisi A et al (2010) Bladder tumor staging: comparison of contrast-enhanced and gray-scale ultrasound. AJR Am J Roentgenol 194:151–156
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Regine, G., Atzori, M., Fabbri, R. (2013). Urinary Tract and Bladder. In: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Urinary Tract. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5432-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5432-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5430-1
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5432-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)