Riassunto
I deficit cognitivi costituiscono una caratteristica centrale della schizofrenia (Lesh et al., 2011) nonché un indice predittivo negativo di disabilità e di outcome funzionale (Green, 1998; Weinberger e Gallhofer, 1997). I deficit cognitivi inoltre risultano essere correlati alla disorganizzazione e ai sintomi negativi (Cohen et al., 1999; Kerns e Berembaum, 2002). I domini cognitivi maggiormente compromessi nella schizofrenia sono: l’attenzione, la velocità di processazione delle informazioni, le funzioni esecutive, in particolare la working memory, la fluenza verbale, la memoria e l’apprendimento verbale (vedi Lesh et al., 2011 per una revisione recente dell’argomento). Le aree cerebrali più coinvolte nei deficit cognitivi sono la corteccia cerebrale frontale e temporale. Esistono molti limiti nella valutazione corretta dei diversi deficit cognitivi in quanto le batterie testali attualmente utilizzate se da un lato sono in grado di indagare più processi cognitivi (Cho et al., 2005), dall’altro richiedono spesso molto tempo per essere somministrate e di conseguenza risultano di difficile applicazione nella pratica clinica e poco adatte a valutazioni ripetute.
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Galluzzo, A., Bergamini, A., Zorzan, N. (2013). L’assessment neuropsicologico nella schizofrenia. In: Vita, A. (eds) La riabilitazione cognitiva della schizofrenia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2802-9_5
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