Riassunto
Come si impara a essere genitori? In passato c’erano famiglie molto ampie, molto numerose e con molte persone di varia età al loro interno: se si era il primogenito, si imparava a occuparsi dei fratelli nati dopo, se si era nati per ultimi ci si prendeva cura dei nipoti, figli dei fratelli più grandi. Tutto intorno c’era un’atmosfera protettiva: i metodi della famiglia fornivano un supporto e non si chiedeva a nessuno di fare più di quello che fosse possibile fare per l’età. Negli ultimi cinquant’anni questo è cambiato radicalmente. Le famiglie moderne sono molto più piccole, con uno o due figli, tendono a essere isolate e non vivono più in un contesto con molte persone. Per questi nuovi genitori non sono più possibili modalità implicite di apprendimento di come si fa a essere genitori. Molte neo-madri, quando ricevono in braccio il loro primo figlio, fanno per la prima volta in assoluto l’esperienza di tenere in braccio un neonato. In passato questa sarebbe stata un’esperienza estremamente rara. I bambini quando nascono non hanno delle istruzioni allegate. Hanno molte cose da dire comuni a tutti, però se non si è mai stati con un bambino piccolo, non è detto che si sia in grado di interpretarne i segnali, né tanto meno di comunicarli. Questo ha prodotto dei problemi che non abbiamo mai conosciuto in precedenza.
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Bibliografia sul Modello Dinamico-Maturativo (DMM)
Libri
Baim C, Morrison T (2011) Attachment-based Practice with Adults: Understanding strategies and promoting positive change. Pavilion, Brighton
Baldoni F (2010) La prospettiva psicosomatica. Dalla teoria alla pratica clinica. Il Mulino, Bologna
Cena L, Imbasciati A, Baldoni F (a cura di) (2010) La relazione genitore-bambino. Dalla psicoanalisi infantile alle nuove prospettive evoluzionistiche dell’attaccamento. Springer Verlag, Milano
Crittenden PM (1994) Nuove prospettive sull’attaccamento: Teoria e pratica in famiglie ad alto rischio. Trad. it. A Landini. Guerini, Milano
Crittenden PM (1997) Pericolo, sviluppo e adattamento. Trad. it. A Landini. Masson, Milano
Crittenden PM (1999) Attaccamento in età adulta. L’approccio dinamico-maturativo alla Adult Attachment Interview. Trad. it. Fava Vizziello G, Landini A. Cortina, Milano
Crittenden PM (2002) Nuevas Implicaciones Clínicas de la Teoría del Apego.
Crittenden PM (2008) Raising parents: Attachment, parenting, and child safety. Willan Publishing, Collumpton
Crittenden PM (2008) Il modello dinamico-maturativo dell’attaccamento. Trad. it. Landini A (2008) Cortina, Milano
Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (a cura di) (2000) The organization of attachment relationships: Maturation, culture, and context. Cambridge University Press, New York
Crittenden PM, Dallos R (in stampa) Attachment and family systems therapy. Open University Press, London
Crittenden PM, Landini A (2011) Assessing Adult Attachment: A Dynamic-Maturational Method of Discourse Analysis. Norton, New York
Dallos R (2006) Attachment Narrative Therapy, McGraw Hill
Wilkinson S (2003) Coping and complaining: Attachment and the language of dis-ease. Brunner-Routledge, London
Wilkinson S (2008) Lidelse og lindring: tilknytning og sykdomsspråk. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk.
Articoli pubblicati in Clinical Child Psychology Psychiatry
Crittenden PM (2010) Preface: Pathways forward. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:299–302
Crittenden PM, Newman L (2010) Comparing models of borderline personality disorder: Mothers’ experience, self-protective strategies, and dispositional representations. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:433–452
Kidwell SL, Young ME, Hinkle LD, Ratliff AD, Marcum ME, Martin CN (2010) Emotional competence and behavior problems among preschoolers: Differences across preschool attachment classifications. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:391–406
Kwako LE, Noll JG, Putnam FW, Trickett PK (2010) Childhood sexual abuse and attachment: An intergenerational perspective. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:407–422
Pocock D (2010) The DMM-wow! But how to safely handle its potential strength? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:303–314
Pleshkova NL, Muhamedrahimov RJ (2010) Quality of attachment in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation): A sample of family-reared infants. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:355–362
Shah PE, Fonagy P, Strathearn L (2010) Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:329–346
Svanberg POG, Mennet L, Spieker SJ (2010) Promoting a secure attachment: A primary prevention practice model. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:363–378
Wilkinson S (2010) Another day older and deeper in therapy: Can the DMM offer a way out? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:423–433
Rassegna sulla valutazione DMM
Farnfield S, Hautamäki A, Norbech P, Sahhar N (2010) Dynamic-Maturational Model methods for assessing attachment. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:313–328
Studi empirici con il CARE-Index a. Madri adolescenti
Pacquette D, Bigras M, Zoccolillo M, Tremblay R, Labelle MÈ, Azar R (2001) Compairison de la sensibilité parentale entre des mères adolescentes et des méres adultes peu scolarisées. Revue de Psychoéducation et d’Orientation, 30, 283–298
2. Madri tossicodipendenti; bambini esposti alla tossicodipendenza
Ciotti F, Lambruschi F, Pittino B, Crittenden PM (1998) La valutazione della relazione precoce madre-bambino in una popolazione di madri con una storia di tossicodipendenza attraverso l’uso del CARE-Index. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale 4:53–59
3. Disturbi psichiatrici della madre
Ayissi L, Hubin-Gayte M (2006) Irritabilité du nouveau-né et depression maternelle du post-partum. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence 54(2):125–132
Cassidy B, Zoccolillo M, Hughes S (1996) Psychopathology in adolescent mothers and its effects on mother-infant interactions: A pilot study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41:379–384
Hughes S (1993) The relationship between maternal psychiatric disorder and mother-child responsivity. Dissertation presented to the Faculty of McGill University, Montreal
Kemppinen K, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I, Ebling H (2006) Recurrent and transient depressive symptoms around delivery and maternal sensitivity. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 60:191–199
Leadbeater BJ, Bishop SJ, Raver CC (1996) Quality of mother-toddler interaction, maternal depressive symptoms, and behavior problems of adolescent mothers. Developmental Psychology 32:280–288
Leventhal A, Jacobsen T, Miller LJ, Quintana E (2004) Caregiving attitudes and at-risk maternal behavior among mothers with major mental illness. Psychiatric Services 55:1431–1433
Mullick M, Miller LJ, Jacobsen T (2001) Insight into Mental Illness and Child Maltreatment Risk in Mothers with Major Psychiatric Disorders. Psychiatric Services 52:488–492
Ostler T (2010) Assessing parenting risk within the context of severe and persistent mental illness: Validating an observational measure for families with child protective service involvement. Infant Mental Health Journal, 51:467–485
4. Condizioni di handicap
Crittenden PM, Bonvillian JD (1984) The effect of maternal risk status on maternal sensitivity to infant cues. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 54:250–262
Hubin-Gayte M, Ayissi L (2005) Sensibilité et representations des mères de nouveau-nés irritables. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence 53:78–85
Killen K (2006) Tidlig mor-barn-samspill i norske familier. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening 7:694–701
Rau H, Calvet-Kruppa C (2001) Bindungssicherheit und Verhaltensentwicklung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht
5. Bambini maltrattati
Crittenden PM (1981) Abusing, neglecting, problematic, and adequate dyads: Differentiating by patterns of interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 27:1–18
Crittenden PM (1984) Sibling interaction: Evidence of a generational effect in maltreating families. International Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect 8:433–438
Crittenden PM (1985) Social networks, quality of child-rearing, and child development. Child Development 56:1299–1313
Crittenden PM (1987) Non-organic failure-to-thrive: Deprivation or distortion? Infant Mental Health Journal 8:56–64
Crittenden PM (1988) Distorted patterns of relationship in maltreating families: The role of internal representational models. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 6:183–199
Crittenden PM (1992a) Children’s strategies for coping with adverse home environments. International Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect 16:329–343
Crittenden PM, DiLalla DL (1988) Compulsive compliance: The development of an inhibitory coping strategy in infancy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16:585–599
Jacobsen T, Miller LJ (1998) Compulsive compliance in a young maltreated child. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37:462–463
Leadbeater B, Bishop SJ (1994) Predictors of behavior problems in preschool children of inner city Afro-American and Puerto Rican mothers. Child Development 65:638–648
Ward M J, Kessler, DB, Altman, S C (1993) Infant-mother attachment in children with failure to thrive. Infant Mental Health Journal 14:208–220
6. Prematurità
Baldoni F (2010) Attachment relationships and psychosomatic development of the child in families with a preterm baby. A study in DMM perspective. 2nd Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Attachment (IASA) (St. John’s College, Cambridge, UK, August 29-31 2010), pp. 1–15
Baldoni F et al (2009) Family attachment and psychosomatic development in preterm-born children. Panminerva Medica 51:7
Baldoni F et al (2010) Precursori dell’attaccamento e adattamento di coppia nella famiglia con bambino nato pretermine: uno studio italiano. In: Cena L, Imbasciati A, Baldoni F (eds) (2010) La relazione genitore-bambino. Dalla psicoanalisi infantile alle nuove prospettive evoluzionistiche dell’attaccamento. Springer Verlag, Milano, pp. 194–200
Baldoni F et al (2011) Attachment forerunners, dyadic sensitivity and development of the child in families with a preterm born baby. 6th European AEPEA Congress on Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence (Bologna 5–7 Maggio 2011)
Fuertes M, Faria A, Soares A, Crittenden PM (2009) Developmental and evolutionary assumptions in a study about the impact of premature birth and low-income on mother-infant interaction. Acta Ethologica 12:1–11
Muller-Nix C, Forcada-Guex M, Pierrehumbert B, Jaunin L, Borghini A, Ansermet F (2004) Prematurity, maternal stress and mother-child interactions. Early Human Development 79:145–158
7. Toddlers
Kunster AK, Fegert JM, Ziegenhain U (2010) Assessing parent-child interaction in the pre-school years: A pilot study on the psychometric properties of the Toddler CARE-Index. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:379–390
8. Istituzionalizzazione
Pleshkova NL, Muhamedrahimov RJ (2008) Attachment in Family and Orphanage Children Defectology 2:37–44
Muhamedrahimov RJ et al (2004) Institution-based early intervention program. The Infant Mental Health Journal 25:488–501
b. Studi normativi
Cantero J, Cerezo J (2001) Interacción madre-hijo como predictora de conductas de apego: Evaluación de dos modelos causales. Infancia y Aprendizaje 24:113–132
Hautamäki A (2010) Attachment and parental sensitivity in a low-risk Finnish sample — The avoidant and unresponsive Finns? In: Teoksessa P, Aunio P, Jahnukainen M, Kalland M, Silvonen J (eds) Piaget is dead, Vygotsky is still alive, or? Honorary Book for Professors Airi and Jarkko Hautamäki. Research in Educational Sciences 51
Kemppinen K, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I, Raita-Hasu J, Ebling H (2006) Continuity of maternal sensitivity from infancy to Toddler age. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 24:199–212
La Sala GB et al (2004) Developmental outcomes of children conceived by intracyctoplamic sperm injection at one and two years of age. Int J Fertil 49:113–119
Patino FL (1993) Mothers’prenatal attachment history, attachment status, and social support satisfaction as predictors of postnatal maternal sensitivity. Dissertation Abstracts International 53:37–87
Paavola L, Kemppinen K, Kumpulainen K, Moilane I, Ebling H (2006) Characteristics of motherinfant communicative interaction: Relations to the rating of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperation. Journal of Early Childhood Research 4:203–222
Paavola, L, Kemppinen, K, Kumpulainen, K, Moilanen, I, Ebling, H (2006) Maternal sensitivity, infant cooperation and early linguistic development: Some predictive relations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 3:13–30
Pleshkova NL (2006) Quality of Attachment in Young Children. In: Sirotkin SF, Melnikova ML (eds) Attachment and Early Intervention Psychology, July 3–4. International Research Seminar Materials. NIPC, Ijevsk, pp 40–46
Simò-Teufel S, Docon A, Dolz, L (2002) Comparaci entre los patronesinteraccionales madre-hijo y la calidad del apego a los 15 meses de edad: un análisis isis de validación. Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, AEMCCO 12:516–520
c. Studi predittivi longitudinali
Crugnola C R, Albizzati A, Caprin C, Di Filippo L, Sagliaschi S (2004) Modelli di attaccamento, stili di interazione e responsivita nello sviluppo della relazione tra madre e bambino: Elementi di adeguatezza e di rischio. Età Evolutiva 78:66–76
Forcada-Guex, Pierrehumbert, B, C, Borghini, A, Moessinger, A, M, Muller-Nix, (2006) Early dyadic pattern of mother-child interaction and outcomes of prematurity at 18 months. Pediatrics 118:107–114
Howieson N, Crittenden PM, Priddis L (in revisione) Change and continuity: The impact of migration on transgenerational patterns of attachment
Simó S, Rauh H, Zeigenhain U (2000) Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Verlaufe der ersten 18 Lebensmonate und Bindungssicherheit am Ende des 2. Lebensjahres. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht 47:118–141
Ward MJ, Carlson EA (1995) The predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview for adolescent mothers. Child Development 66:69–79
d. Studi d’intervento
Cramer, B, Robert-Tissot, C, Stern, D N, Serpa-Rusconi, S (1990) Outcome evaluation in brief mother-infant psychotherapy: A preliminary report. Infant Mental Health Journal 11:278–300
Crittenden PM (1985) Maltreated infants: Vulnerability and resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26:85–96
Crittenden PM (1985) Social networks, quality of child-rearing, and child development. Child Devlopment 56:1299–1313
Crittenden PM (1985) Maltreated infants: Vulnerability and resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26:85–96
Crittenden PM (1988) Relationships at risk. In: Belsky J, Nezworski T (a cura di) The clinical implications of attachment. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 136–174
Crittenden PM (1987) Non-organic failure-to-thrive: Deprivation or distortion? Infant Mental Health Journal 8:56–64
Jennigs T (2004) A study exploring whether maternal sensitivity can be enhanced by health visitor intervention (guided by clinical psychology consultation), using video feedback. Thesis presented to the faculty of clinical psychology at the University of Teesside in partial fulfilment of the doctorate in psychology
Linares LO (in stampa) The effects of an early intervention program on polydrug infants and their families in foster care. In: Silver J (ed) Serving the needs of young children involved in the child welfare system. New Jersey
Linares LO, Jones B, FJ Sheiber, Rosenberg FB (1999) Early intervention for drug-exposed infants in foster care. In: Silver J, Amster Haecker BJ (eds) Young Children and Foster Care. Brookes, Baltimore, pp 373–397
Pacquette D, Zoccolillo M, Bigras M (1999) L’efficacitè des interventions en foyers de groupe pour mères en difficulté d’adaptation. Défi Jeunesse VI:30–35
Robert-Tissot C, Cramer B, Stern D, Serpa S et al (1996) Outcome evaluation in brief mother-infant psychotherapies: Report on 75 cases. Infant-Mental-Health-Journal 17:97–114
Svanberg PO, Jennings T (2002) The Sunderland Infant Program (UK): Reflections on the first year. The Signal, 9, 1–5
Svanberg PO, Mennet L, Spieker S (2010) Promoting a secure attachment: A primary prevention practice model. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:363–378
Pleshkova NL, Muhamedrahimov RJ (2010) Quality of attachment in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation): A sample of family-reared infants. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:355–362
Shah PE, Fonagy P, Strathearn L (2010) Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:329–346 (lo studio utilizza anche la AAI)
Studi empirici con Infant Strange Situation (DMM)
Crittenden PM (1985) Maltreated infants: Vulnerability and resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26:85–96
Crittenden PM (1985) Social networks, quality of child-rearing, and child development. Child Development 56:1299–1313
Crittenden PM (1987) Non-organic failure-to-thrive: Deprivation or distortion? Infant Mental Health Journal 8:56–64
Crittenden PM (1988) Relationships at risk. In: J Belsky, T Nezworski (eds) The clinical implications of attachment, (pp. 136–174). Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale
Pleshkova NL, Muhamedrahimov R J (2010) Quality of attachment in St. Petersburg (Russian Federation): A sample of family-reared infants. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:355–362
Shah PE, Fonagy P, Strathearn L (2010) Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:329–346 (Also uses the AAI)
Strathearn L (2009) Maternal Neglect: Risk factors, consequences and the neurobiology of mother-infant attachment. Dissertation offered in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. at the University of Queensland
Studi empirici con PAA
Chisholm K (1998) A three year follow-up of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Child Development 69:1092–1106
Chisholm K (2000) Attachment in children adopted from Romanian orphanages: Two case studies. In: Crittenden PM (ed) The Organization of Attachment Relationships: Maturation, Culture, and Context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 171–189
Claussen AH, Anderson W (1997) Attachment in children prenatally exposed to cocaine: Disorganization and the emergence of new subpatterns of attachment. Paper presented in PM Crittenden (Chair), Continuity and changein quality of attachment: A dynamic-maturational model and expanded classificatory system. Symposium conducted at the Biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development. Washington, DC
Crittenden PM, Claussen AH, Kozlowska K (2007) Choosing a valid assessment of attachment for clinical use: A comparative study. Australia New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 28:78–87
DeVito C, Hopkins J (2001) Attachment, parenting, and marital dissatisfactional predictors of disruptive behavior in preschoolers. Development and Psychopathology 13:215–231
Fagot BI, Pears KC (1996) Changes in attachment during the third year: Consequences and predictions. Development and Psychopathology 8:325–344
Fisher L, Ames EW, Chisholm K, Savoie L (1997) Problems reported byparents of Romanian orphans adopted to British Columbia. International Journal of Behavioral Development 20:67–82
Gunnar, MR, Morison, SJ, Chisholm K, Schuder M (2001) Salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Development Psychopathology 13:611–628
Hans SL, Bernstein VJ, Sims, BE (2000) Change and continuity in ambivalent attachment relationships from infancy through adolescence. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds) (2000) The organization of attachment relationships: Maturation, culture, and context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 277–299
Head T, Williams TM (March, 1995) Children’s and their parent’s conceptualizations of attachment. Paper presented in the symposium “Quality of attachment in the preschool years,” Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis, IN
Heckman, P D (1994) Temperament, attachment, and toddler noncompliance styles: An account of salient identifying features. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. Vol 55(4-B):1688
Kidwell SL, Young ME, Hinkle D, Ratliff, AD, Marcum, E, Martin CN (2010) Emotional competence and behavior problems among preschoolers: Differences across preschool attachment classifications. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:391–406
Kwako LE, Noll JG, Putnam, F W, Trickett PK (2010) Childhood sexual abuse and attachment: An intergenerational perspective. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:407–422
MacBeth TM, Head T, Clark M (1996) A new measure of children’s conceptualizations of their primary attachment relationships. Poster, XIV Biennial Conference of the International Society for Behavioral Development, Quebec City
Moilanen I, Kunelius A, Tirkonnen T, Crittenden PM (2000) Attachment in Finnish twins. In PM Crittenden, AH Claussen (a cura di), The Organization of Attachment Relationships: Maturation, Culture, and Context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 125–140
Moore L, Crawford F, Lester J (under review) Security of attachment at 30 months: Maternal infant, and family variables. Presented in the symposium ‘Quality of attachment in the preschool years’, organized by PM Crittenden, International Conference on Infant Studies, Paris, June, 1994
Rauh H, Ziegenhain U, Müller B, Wijnroks L (2000) Stability and change in infant-mother attachment in the second year of life: Relations to parenting quality and varying degrees of daycare experience. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds), The Organization of Attachment Relationships: Maturation, Culture, and Context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 251–276
Sajaniemi N, Makela J, Saolkorpi T, von Wendt L, Hamalainen T, Hakamies-Blomqvist L (2001). Cognitive performance and attachment patterns at four years of age in extremely low birth weight infants after early intervention. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry 10:122–129
Spieker SJ, Crittenden PM (in stampa). Comparing the validity of two approaches to attachment theory: Disorganization versus danger-informed organization in the preschool years. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Teti DM (2000) Maternal depression and child-mother attachment in the first three years: A view from the intermountain west. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds) The Organization of Attachment Relationships: Maturation, Culture, and Context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 190–213
Teti DM, Gelfand DM (1997) The Preschool Assessment of Attachment: Construct validity in a sample of depressed and non-depressed families. Development and Psychopathology 9:517–536
Teti DM, Gelfand DM, Messinger DS, Isabella R (1995) Maternal depression and the quality of early attachment: An examination of infants, preschoolers, and their mothers. Developmental Psychology 31:364–376
Teti DM, Heaton N, Benjamin LS, Gelfand DM (1995) Quality of attachment and caregiving among depressed mother-child dyads: Strange situation classifications and the SASB Coding System. Paper presented in S Petrinovitch (chair), Patterns of early socialization: Behavioral ecology of attachment. Symposium conducted at the Society for Applied Behavioral Analysis. Washington, DC
Von der Lippe A, Crittenden PM (2000) Quality of attachment in young Egyptian children. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds) The Organization of Attachment Relationships: Maturation, Culture, and Context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 97–114
Vondra JI, Chrisman DR, Cohen M, Swearingen L (1997) Change and continuity in attachment across the second year of life. Paper presented in PM Crittenden (Chair), Continuity and change in quality of attachment: A dynamic-maturational model and expanded classificatory system. Symposium conducted at the Biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development. Washington, DC
Vondra JI, Shaw DS, Swearingen L, Cohen M, Owens EB (1999) Early relationship quality from home to school: A longitudinal study. Early Education and Development 10:163–190
Vondra JI, Shaw DS, Swearingen L, Cohen M, Owens EB (2001) Attachment stability and emotional and behavioral regulation from infancy to preschool age. Development and Psychopathology 13:13–33
Vondra JI, Hommerding KD, Shaw DS (1999) Stability and change in infant attachment in a low-income sample. In: Vondra JI, Barnett D (eds), Atypical patterns of attachment in infancy and early childhood, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 258:119–144. Blackwell, Malden, MA
Ziegenhain U, Müller B, Rauh H (1996) Frühe Bindungserfahrungen und Verhaltensauff ligkeiten bei Kleinkindern in einer sozialen und kognitivenAnforderungssituation. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie 45:95–102
Studi empirici con SAA
Crittenden PM, Kozlowska K, Landini A (2010) Assessing attachment in school-age children. Child Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry 14:185–208
Crittenden PM, Kulbotton G R (2007) Familial contributions to ADHD: An attachment perspective. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologorening 10:1220–1229
Kozlowska K Williams LM (2009) Self-protective organization in children with conversion and somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 67:223–233
Kwako LE, Noll JG, Putnam FW, Trickett PK (2010) Childhood sexual abuse and attachment: An intergenerational perspective. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:407–422
Studi empirici nell’adolescenza con TAAI/AAI
Black KA, Jaeger E, McCartney K, Crittenden PM (2000) Attachment models, peer interaction behavior, and feelings about the self: Indications of maladjustment in dismissing/preoccupied (Ds/E) adolescents. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds) The organization of attachment relationships: Maturation, culture, and context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 300–324
Kozlowska K (2010) The bowl of terror: A case study of an adolescent perpetrator of sexual abuse. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 31:43–59
Wilkinson S (2010) Another day older and deeper in therapy: Can the DMM offer a way out? Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:423–433
Studi empirici con AAI (DMM)
Crittenden PM, Newman L (2010) Comparing models of borderline personality disorder: Mothers’-experience, self-protective strategies, and dispositional representations. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:433–452
Hautamäki A, Hautamäki L, Maliniemi-Piispanen S, Neuvonen L (2008) Kiintymyssuhteen välittyminen kolmessa sukupolvessa — äidinäitien paluu? (Transmission of attachment across three generations — the return of grannies). Psykologia 6:421–442
Hautamäki A, Hautamäki L, Neuvonen L, Maliniemi-Piispanen S (2010) Transmission of attachment across three generations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 7:618–634
Hautamäki A, Hautamäki L, Neuvonen L, Maliniemi-Piispanen S (2010) Transmission of attachment across three generations: Continuity and reversal. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:347–354
Hughes J, Hardy G, Kendrick D (2000) Assessing adult attachment status with clinically-orientated interviews: A brief report. British Journal of Medical Psychology 73:279–283
Ringer F, Crittenden PM (2007) Eating disorders and attachment: The effects of hidden processes on eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review 15:119–130
Shah P E, Fonagy P, Strathearn L (2012) Exploring the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of attachment: The plot thickens. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 15:329–346
Strathearn L, Fonagy P, Amico JA, Montague PR (2009) Adult attachment predicts mother’s brain and peripheral oxytocin response to infant cures. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:2655–2666
Zachrisson HD, Kulbotton G (2006) Attachment in anorexia nervosa: An exploration of associations with eating disorder psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms. Eating Weight Disorders 11:163–170
In revisione
Crittenden PM, Heller MB (under review) Chronic PTSD and attachment: A comparison study of self-protective strategies in patients with PTSD, mixed diagnoses, and no diagnosis
Crittenden PM, Landini A, Pistolesi E (under review) Are parents of child patients ‘normal’? Comparing parents of child patients with adult patients and normative parents
Lambruschi F, Crittenden PM, Landini A, Pistolesi E, Allegri M (under review) Psychotherapist-s’self-protective AAI strategies and treatment theories
Altri studi empirici
Christopoulos C, Bonvillian JD, Crittenden PM (1988) Maternal languageinput and child maltreatment. Infant Mental Health Journal 9:272–286
Crittenden PM (1983) The effect of mandatory protective daycare on mutual attachment in maltreating mother-infant dyads. International Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect 3:297–300
Crittenden PM (1984) Sibling interaction: Evidence of a generational effect in maltreating families. International Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect 8:433–438
Crittenden PM, Craig S (1990) Developmental trends in child homicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5:202–216
Crittenden PM, DiLalla DL (1988) Compulsive compliance: The development of an inhibitory coping strategy in infancy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 16:585–599
Crittenden PM, Lang C, Claussen AH, Partridge MF (2000) Relations among mothers’ procedural, semantic, and episodic internal representational models of parenting. In: Crittenden PM, Claussen AH (eds) The organization of attachment relationships: Maturation, culture, and context. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 214–233
Crittenden PM, Morrison AK (1988) Preventing maltreatment of infants: A hospital screening procedure. Pediatric Nursing 14:415–417
Crittenden PM, Partridge, MF Claussen AH (1991) Family patterns of relationship in normative and dysfunctional families. Development and Psychopathology 3:491–512
Crittenden PM, Snell ME (1983) Intervention to improve mother-infant interaction. Infant Mental Health Journal 4:23–41
DiLalla DL, Crittenden PM (1990) Dimensions in maltreated children’s behavior: A factor analytic approach. Infant Behavior and Development 13:439–460
Jean-Gilles M, Crittenden PM (1990) Maltreating families: A look at siblings. Family Relations 39:323–329
Studi empirici in corso
Baldoni F, Baldaro B, Minghetti M, Landini A, Crittenden PM. The intergenerational transmission of attachment using DMM assessment methods (SS vs. AAI) and criteria (SS vs. AAI)
Baldoni F, Facondini E, Landini A, Cena L, Romeo N, Crittenden PM. Development of attachment in families with preterm child: A long-term study.
Baldoni F, Minghetti M, Craparo G, Schimmeti A, Landini A. The Bologna Attachment Assessment Project: Comparing DMM AAI classification with Main & Goldwyn classification and self report questionnaires assessment
Bendiksby O. Understanding adolescents who commit rape: A psychological study of young violent sex offenders
Brasola S, Crittenden PM. Comparing Main Goldwyn and DMM classifications of AAIs of women with and without childhood elective mutism
Crittenden PM, Kulbotten G. Attachment in adults with avoidant personality disorder, mixed psychiatric disorder, and no disorder
Crittenden PM, Robson K, Tooby A. Validation of the School-age Assessment of Attachment (SAA)
Kozlowska, K, Crittenden PM, Landini A Relations among school-aged siblings’ pattern of attachment
Lambruschi F, Ciotti F, Crittenden PM, Psychotherapists’ attachment and choice of treatment theory
Moraga C. Interactions between Institutionalized Infants and Multiple Caregivers
O’Reilly G. Attachment and self-protective strategies in men convicted of sexual offences
Svanburg PO, The impact of baby’s gender and birth order on mother’s sensitive responsiveness
Sarfi M. Children of women in Medical Assisted Rehabilitation (MAR): Developmental predictors of later problem functioning
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Review Raising Parents
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Crittenden, P.M., Landini, A. (2012). I livelli di ragionamento genitoriale e funzionamento familiare. In: Prendersi cura dei bambini e dei loro genitori. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2472-4_7
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