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Patogenesi

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Aterosclerosi
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Riassunto

L’ateroma si sviluppa tipicamente in modo focale, preferibilmente a livello della regione prossimale delle arterie, a valle delle biforcazioni o delle diramazioni. Ciò suggerisce che esiste una base idrodinamica nello sviluppo della lesione precoce, come dimostrato dalla constatazione che nelle arterie con poche diramazioni, come l’arteria mammaria interna o le arterie radiali, le placche aterosclerotiche tendono a non svilupparsi [1]. Disturbi locali del flusso indurrebbero le alterazioni alla base del processo aterosclerotico, mentre il flusso laminare, che prevale nelle zone dove non si sviluppano lesioni precoci, favorirebbe lo sviluppo di meccanismi omeostatici antiaterogenetici. Il flusso laminare può aumentare infatti l’espressione di geni protettivi, come quelli degli enzimi superossido dismutasi e ossido nitrico sintetasi (NOS), che riducono lo stress ossidativo e promuovono la vasodilatazione, grazie alla generazione dell’ossido nitrico [2].

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© 2010 Springer-Verlag Italia

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(2010). Patogenesi. In: Aterosclerosi. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1412-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1412-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1411-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1412-1

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