Skip to main content

Dermatite atopica: patologie oculari

  • Chapter
La scuola dell’atopia

Estratto

Le allergie oculari rappresentano una delle più comuni patologie nella pratica clinica oftalmologica la cui prevalenza varia dal 5% al 22% della popolazione generale in rapporto all’area geografica esaminata [1]. Queste condizioni cliniche costituiscono un gruppo eterogeneo di patologie oculari con differente presentazione clinica, diversa evoluzione e differente risposta ai comuni farmaci antiallergici. Esse però furono, agli inizi degli anni ‘80, raggruppate con il termine di “congiuntiviti allergiche” dato che nella loro patogenesi è stato dimostrato l’intervento di un meccanismo immunologico di primo tipo o IgE-mediato, secondo la classificazione del 1968 di Gell e Coombs. Sebbene le conoscenze attuali sui meccanismi immunopatogenetici alla base delle diverse forme di congiuntivite allergica ci consentano oggi di differenziare le varie forme cliniche,è rimasta tuttora valida la vecchia classificazione che distingue principalmente quattro entità nosologiche: la rinocongiuntivite allergica stagionale o perenne, di più comune riscontro ma di minore gravità clinica; la cheratocongiuntivite primaverile e la cheratocongiuntivite atopica, forme più rare ma più difficilmente controllabili con la terapia medica e che possono esitare in gravi ed irreversibili riduzioni della funzionalità visiva. Esiste poi una quarta forma clinica, definita congiuntivite giganto-papillare ed associata all’uso di lenti a contatto (Tabella 1) [2, 3].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliografia

  1. Weeks ER (1987) Epidemiology of hay fever and perennial allergic rhinitis. Monogr Allergy 21:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allansmith MR (1982) The eye and immunology pp 118–124; C.V.Mosby company, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  3. Calonge M (1999) Classification of ocular atopic/allergic disorders and conditions: an unsolved problem. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl (228):10–13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hogan MJ (1952) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 50:265–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Karel I, Myska V, Kvicalova E (1965) Ophthalmological changes in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 45:381–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Garrity JA, Liesegang TJ (1984) Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis. Can J Ophthalmol 19:21–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tuft SJ, Kemeny DM, Dart JK, Buckley RJ (1991) Clinical features of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 98:150–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Foster CS, Calonge M (1990) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 97:992–1000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bonini S, Bonini S (1987) Studies on allergic conjunctivitis. Chibret Int J Ophthalmol 5:12–22

    Google Scholar 

  10. Oshinskie L, Haine C (1982) Atopic dermatitis and its ophthalmic complications. J Am Optom Assoc 53:889–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rich LF, Hanifin JM (1985) Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis and other eczemas. Int Ophthalmol Clin 25:61–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhan H, Smith L, Calder V et al (2003) Clinical and immunological features of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin 43:59–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Foster CS, Rice BA, Dutt JE (1991) Immunopathology of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 98:1190–1196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hingorani M, Calder VL, Buckley RJ, Lightman SL (1998) The role of conjunctival epithelial cells in chronic ocular allergic disease. Exp Eye Res 67:491–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Morgan SJ, Williams JH, Walls AF, Holgate ST (1991) Mast cell hyperplasia in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. An immunohistochemical study. Eye 5:729–735

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Power WJ, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster CS (1998) Long-term follow-up of patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology;105:637–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fukagawa K, Nakajima T, Tsubota K et al (1999) Presence of eotaxin in tears of patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis with severe corneal damage. J Allergy Clin Immunol 103:1220–1221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Uchio E, Ono SY, Ikezawa Z, Ohno S (2000) Tear levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5 in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy 30:103–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bonini S (1990) Le congiuntiviti allergiche. Ghedini Editore, Milano

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ono SJ, Abelson MB (2005) Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115:118–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Solomon A, Puxeddu I, Levi-Schaffer F (2003) Fibrosis in ocular allergic inflammation: recent concepts in the pathogenesis of ocular allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 3:389–393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bonini S (2004) Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Allergy 59(Suppl)78:71–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Matricardi P et al (1999) Atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a model for studying atopic disease. Curr Probl Dermatol 28:88–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Toyoda M, Nakamura M, Makino T et al (2002) Nerve growth factor and substance P are useful plasma markers of disease activity in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 147:71–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dart JK, Buckley RJ, Monnickendan M, Prasad J (1986) Perennial allergic conjunctivitis: definition, clinical characteristics and prevalence. A comparison with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 105(Pt 5):513–520

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Meenan FOC (1980) The significance of Morgan’s fold in children with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl; 12:42–43

    Google Scholar 

  27. Uehara (1981) M Infraorbital fold in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 117:627–629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Easty D, Entwistle C, Funk A, Witcher (1975) J Herpes simplex keratitis and keratoconus in the atopic patient. A clinical and immunological study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 95:267–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Takano Y, Fukagawa K, Dogru M et al (2004) Inflammatory cells in brush cytology samples correlate with the severity of corneal lesions in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Br J Ophthalmol 88:1504–1505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Amemiya T, Matsuda H, Uehara M (1980) Ocular findings in atopic dermatitis with special reference to the clinical features of atopic cataract. Ophthalmologica 180:129–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Uchio E, Miyakawa K, Ikezawa Z, Ohno S (1998) Systemic and local immunological features of atopic dermatitis patients with ocular complications. Br J Ophthalmol 82:82–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Copeman PW (1965) Eczema and keratoconus. Br Med J 5468:977–979

    Google Scholar 

  33. Jacq PL, Sale Y, Cochener B et al (1997) J Keratoconus, changes in corneal topography and allergy. Study of 3 groups of Patients. J Fr Ophtalmol 20:97–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hurlbut WB, Domonkos AN (1954) Cataract and retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis. Ama Arch Opthalmol 52:852–857

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yoneda K, Okamoto H, Wada Y et al (1995) Atopic retinal detachment. Report of four cases and a review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 133:586–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hingorani M, Moodaley L, Calder VL et al (1998) A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of topical cyclosporin A in steroid-dependent atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 105:1715–1720

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hingorani M, Calder VL, Buckley RJ, Lightman S (1999) The immunomodulatory effect of topical cyclosporin A in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40:392–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Akpek EK, Dart JK, Watson S (2004) A randomized clinical trial of topical cyclosporin 0,05% in topical steroid-resistant atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 111:476–482

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rikkers SM, Holland GN, Drayton GE et al (2003) Topical tacrolimus treatment of atopic eyelid disease. Am J Ophthalmol 135:297–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Joseph MA, Kaufman HE, Insler M (2005) Topical tacrolimus ointment for treatment of refractory anterior segment inflammatory disorders. Cornea 24:417–420

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ghoraishi M, Akova YA, Tugal-Tutkun I, Foster CS (1995) Penetrating keratoplasty in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea 14:610–613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sgrulletta, R., Iovieno, A., Bonini, S. (2007). Dermatite atopica: patologie oculari. In: Gelmetti, C. (eds) La scuola dell’atopia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0593-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0593-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0592-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0593-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics