Estratto
Le allergie oculari rappresentano una delle più comuni patologie nella pratica clinica oftalmologica la cui prevalenza varia dal 5% al 22% della popolazione generale in rapporto all’area geografica esaminata [1]. Queste condizioni cliniche costituiscono un gruppo eterogeneo di patologie oculari con differente presentazione clinica, diversa evoluzione e differente risposta ai comuni farmaci antiallergici. Esse però furono, agli inizi degli anni ‘80, raggruppate con il termine di “congiuntiviti allergiche” dato che nella loro patogenesi è stato dimostrato l’intervento di un meccanismo immunologico di primo tipo o IgE-mediato, secondo la classificazione del 1968 di Gell e Coombs. Sebbene le conoscenze attuali sui meccanismi immunopatogenetici alla base delle diverse forme di congiuntivite allergica ci consentano oggi di differenziare le varie forme cliniche,è rimasta tuttora valida la vecchia classificazione che distingue principalmente quattro entità nosologiche: la rinocongiuntivite allergica stagionale o perenne, di più comune riscontro ma di minore gravità clinica; la cheratocongiuntivite primaverile e la cheratocongiuntivite atopica, forme più rare ma più difficilmente controllabili con la terapia medica e che possono esitare in gravi ed irreversibili riduzioni della funzionalità visiva. Esiste poi una quarta forma clinica, definita congiuntivite giganto-papillare ed associata all’uso di lenti a contatto (Tabella 1) [2, 3].
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Sgrulletta, R., Iovieno, A., Bonini, S. (2007). Dermatite atopica: patologie oculari. In: Gelmetti, C. (eds) La scuola dell’atopia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0593-8_13
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