Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Arid Zone Fruit Crops

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops

  • 2083 Accesses

Abstract

Arid lands are among the world’s most brittle ecosystems, made more so by periodic droughts and increasing overexploitation of meagre resources (FAO (1989) Arid zone forestry. FAO conservation guide No. 20. FAO, Rome, p 143). Arid zone is characterised by extremes of temperature, low and erratic rainfall, high wind velocity, high evapotranspirational losses of water and light sandy soil with very low water holding capacity and poor fertility status. Looking to the very dismal future scenario of water in arid zone, growing of less water-requiring crops with high application efficiency is necessary. Drought-hardy crops especially perennial fruits with deep root systems are capable of surviving extreme radiation and temperatures and provide income security, nutritional security and food security. Ber, pomegranate, custard apple, aonla and date palm are the major fruit crops which are commercially grown in arid regions. In this chapter, major findings of research on abiotic stresses on major arid zone fruit crops are summarised.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alrasbi SAR, Hussain N, Schmeisky H (2010) Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedlings irrigated with saline water in the sultanate of Oman. In: Proceedings of the IV International Date Palm Conference, Vol. 882, Abu Dhabi, pp 233–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Amri E, Mohammadi MJ (2012) Effects of timing of drought stress on pomegranate seedlings (Punica granatum L. cv ‘Atabaki’) to exogenous spermidine and putrescine polyamines. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:5294–5300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amri E, Mirzaei M, Moradi M, Zare K (2011) The effects of spermidine and putrescine polyamines on growth of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv ‘Rabbab’) in salinity circumstance. Int J Plant Physiol Biochem 3:43–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2001) Fruits for the future ber international centre for underutilized crops, Institute of Irrigation and Development Studies, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Department of International Development (DFID) Southampton, SO17 1BJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2010) Semi-arid and arid ecosystems change: key issues and challenges National policy dialogue on climate change action. 8–9 Nov 2010, Chennai

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2012) Cultivation of Aonla Agri hunt, Pakistan

    Google Scholar 

  • Arndt SK, Wanek W, Clifford SC, Popp M (2000) Contrasting adaptations to drought stress in field-grown Ziziphus mauritiana and Prunus persica trees: water relations, osmotic adjustment and carbon isotope composition. Aust J Plant Physiol 27:985–996

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arndt SK, Clifford SC, Wanek W, Jones HG, Popp M (2001) Physiological and morphological adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiol 21:705–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aseri GK, Jain N, Panwar J, Rao AV, Meghwal PR (2008) Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Sci Hortic 117:130–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai PN, Shukla HS (1985) Aonla. In: Bose TK (ed) Fruits of India – tropical and sub-tropical. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, pp 591–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhantana P, Lazarovitch N (2010) Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and growth of two young pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties under salt stress. Agric Water Manag 97:715–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boucher A, Aziz A, Larher F, Martin-Tanguy J (1999) Polyamines and environmental challenges: recent development. Plant Sci 140:103–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpel T, Basie L, Christos P (2004) Modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in transgenic rice confers tolerance to drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:9909–9914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhyay MK, Tiwari BS, Chattopadhyay G, Bose A, Sengupta DN, Ghosh B (2002) Protective role of exogenous polyamines on salinity-stressed rice (Oryza sativa) plants. Physiol Plant 116:192–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clifford SC, Kadzere I, Jones HG, Jackson JE (1997) Field comparisons of photosynthesis and leaf conductance in Ziziphus mauritiana and other fruit tree species in Zimbabwe. Trees 11:449–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Corlett JE, Joshi S, Sankhla N, Popp M, Jones HG (1998) The role of solute accumulation, osmotic adjustment and changes in cell wall elasticity in drought tolerance in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.). J Exp Bot 49:967–977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clifford SC, Arndt SK, Popp M, Jones HG (2002) Mucilages and polysaccharides in Ziziphus species (Rhamnaceae): localization, composition and physiological roles during drought- stress. J Exp Bot 53:131–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cookson P, Lepiece A (2001) Could date palms ever disappear from the Batinah? Salination of a coastal plain in the sultanate of Oman. In: Mahdi KA (ed) Water in the Arabian Peninsula: problems and policies. Ithaca Press, Garnet Publishing Ltd., South Street, Reading, RG1 4QS, UK, pp 221–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane JH, Balerdi CF, Ian Maguire I (1994) Sugar apple growing in the Florida home landscape. Fact sheet HS38, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. ECHO, Myers, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Creswell R, Martin FW (1993) Dryland farming: crops & techniques for arid regions. ECHO, Myers, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Bose A, Gosh B (1995) Effect of salt stress on polyamine metabolism in Brassica campestris. Photochemistry 39:283–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Candolle A (1967) Origin of cultivated plants. Hafner Publication Co/Distribution Co, New York/London/Lucknow, pp 237–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuter P (2011) Climate change-risks and opportunities of the custard apple industry. A paper presented at the National Australian custard apple conference 2011 -quality and quantity-finding and understanding the balance

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhanumjaya Rao K, Subramanyam K (2011) Growth and yield performance of custard apple germplasm under scarce rainfall zone. Indian J Agric Res 45:156–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Doring J, Luddar P (1987) Influence of sodium salts on the Na, Cl and SO4 contents in leaves, shoots and roots of Punica granatum L. Gartenbauwissenschaft 52:26–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Duan JJ, Li J, Guo SR, Kang YY (2008) Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance. J Plant Physiol 165:1620–1635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1989) Arid zone forestry, vol 20, FAO Conservation Guide. FAO, Rome, p 143

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2006/2005) Worldwide dates production statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Furr JR, Armstrong WW (1975) Water and salinity problems of Abadan Island date gardens. Ann Date Grow Inst 52:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  • George AP, Nissen RJ (1988) The effects of temperature, vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture stress on growth, flowering and fruit set of custard apple (Annona cherimola × Annona squamosa) ‘African Pride’. Sci Hortic 34:183–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George A, Campbell J, Nissen B, Smith L, Meiburg G, Broadley R, Vock N, Rigden P (1998) Custard apple information kit. Agrilink, your growing guide to better farming guide. Manual. Agrilink Series QAL9904. Department of Primary Industries, Queensland Horticulture Institute, Brisbane

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenway HR, Munus (1980) Mechanism of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 31:149–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillel D (2000) Salinity management for sustainable irrigation: integrating science, environment, and economics. World Bank Publications, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Holland D, Bar-Ya’akov I, Hatib K (2006) Pomegranate research at Newe Ya’ar. Alon Hanotea 60:411–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland DK, Hatib, Bar-Ya’akov I (2009) Pomegranate: botany, horticulture, breeding. Hortic Rev 35:127–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalikop SH (2010) Pomegranate breeding. Fruit Veg Cereal Sci Biotechnol 4:26–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JF (1983) Pomegranate growing. Agfact H3.1.42, New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Orange NSW 2800, pp 1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy P, Ranathunge K, Nayak S, Schreiber L, Mathew MK (2011) Root apoplastic barriers block Na+ transport to shoots in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Exp Bot 62:4215–4228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurthy P, Jyothi Prakash PA, Qin L, He J, Lin Q, Loh CS, Prakash PK (2014) Role of root hydrophobic barriers in salt exclusion of a mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis. Plant Cell Environ 37:1656–1671

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levin GM (2006) Pomegranate roads. In: Baer BL (ed) A Soviet botanist’s exile from Eden. Floreat Press, Forestville, pp 15–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Malash N, Flowers T, Ragab R (2008) Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution. Irrig Sci 26:313–323. doi:10.1007/s00271-007-0095-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maritza O, Schaffer B, Davies FS (2004) Soil temperature, physiology, and growth of containerized Annona species. Sci Hortic 102:243–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Marler TE, George AP, Nissen RJ, Andersen PC (1994) Miscellaneous tropical fruits. In: Schaffer B, Andersen PC (eds) Handbook of environmental physiology of fruit crops, vol II, Subtropical and tropical crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 199–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason SC (1925) The minimum temperature for growth of the date palm and the absence of a resting period. J Agric Res 31:401–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Meghwal PR, Suresk Kumar, Bhatt RK, Akat Singh (2014) Response of Jujube cultivars to natural climatic variability under rain fed condition in arid zone. Paper presented at the conference: new dimension in agro meteorology for sustainable agriculture, At GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, October 2014, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf CR, Chalk L (1950) Anatomy of the dicotyledons, vol 1. Claredon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Munns R, Tester M (2008) Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:651–681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naeini MR, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Lessani H, Fallahi E (2004) Effects of sodium chloride-induced salinity on mineral nutrients and soluble sugars in three commercial cultivars of pomegranate. J Plant Nutr 27:1319–1326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeini MR, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Fallahi E (2006) Partitioning of chlorine, sodium, and potassium and shoot growth of three pomegranate cultivars under different levels of salinity. J Plant Nutr 29:1835–1843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon RW (1937) The freeze of January 1937 – a discussion. Ann Rep Date Grow Inst 14:19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunez-Elisea R, Schaffer B, Crane JH, Colls AM (1997) Effects of flooding on growth and leaf gas exchange of Annona species. In: Proceedings Congresso Internacional de Anonaceas, University of Chapingo, Texcoco, Mexico, 12–14 November pp 124–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Pareek OP (2001) Ber. International Centre for Underutilized Crops, Southampton

    Google Scholar 

  • Pareek OP, Godara AK (1993) Crop regulation in pomegranate. In: Chadha KL, Pareek OP (eds) Advances in horticulture, vol 3, Fruit Crops. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 1229–1235

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel NM, Patel DK, Verma LR, Patel MM (2010) Effect of cultural and chemical treatments on fruit set and fruit yield of custard apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) cv. Sindhanur. Asian J Hortic 5:498–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak RK (2003) Status report on genetic resources of Indian gooseberry-aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) in South and Southeast Asia. IPGRI Office for South Asia National Agriculture Science Centre (NASC), DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitman MG, Läuchli A (2002) Global impact of salinity and agricultural ecosystems. In: Läuchli A, Lüttge U (eds) Salinity: environment – plants – molecules. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Popeno W (1920) Manual of tropical and subtropical fruits. Hafner Press, Mcmillan Publishers, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad N, Bankar GJ, Vasistha BB (2003) Effect of drip irrigation on growth, yield and quality of pomegranate in arid region. Indian J Hortic 60:140–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Purohit AG (1982) Flower induction in deciduous pomegranate in tropics. Sci Cult 48:146–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Purohit AG (1986) Quantitative methods for estimation of soft-seededness of pomegranate. J Maharashtra Agric Univ 11:116–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramoliya PJ, Pandey AN (2003) Effect of salinisation of soil on emergence, growth and survival of seedlings of Cordia rothii. Forest Ecol Manage 176:185–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrígueza P, Mellishob CD, Conejerob W, Cruza ZN, Ortu˜nob MF, Galindo A, Torrecillas (2012) Plant water relations of leaves of pomegranate trees under different irrigation conditions. Environ Exp Bot 77:19–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy C, Sengupta DN (2014) Effect of short term NaCl stress on cultivars of S. lycopersicum: a comparative biochemical approach. J Stress Physiol Biochem 10:59–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankhla N, Sankhla D, Upadhyay A, Davis TD (1989) Amelioration of drought and high temperature injury in fruits of ber by paclobutrazol. Acta Hortic 239:197–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Save R, Biel C, Domingo R, Ruiz-Sanchez MC, Torrecillas A (1995) Some physiological and morphological characteristics of citrus plants for drought resistance. Plant Sci 110:167–172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shailendra A, Narendra A (2005) The effect of trickle irrigation on growth, yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum) cv. Ganesh in Chhattisgarh region. Mysore J Agric Sci 39:175–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma SD, Sharma VK (1990) Variation for chemical characters in some promising strains of wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Euphytica 49:131–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK, Tewari JC (2009) Arid zone forestry with special reference to Indian hot arid zone. In: John N, Owens H, Lunday G (eds) Forests and Forests Plants. Eolss Publishers Company, UK, pp 90–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen W, Nada K, Tachibana S (2000) Involvement of polyamines in the chilling tolerance of cucumber cultivars. Plant Physiol 124:431–439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh IS, Pathak RK, Diwedi R, Singh HK (1993) Aonla production and post harvest technology. Tech Bull, Department of Horticulture, N D U A T, Faizabad

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonawane PC, Desai UT (1989) Performance of staggered cropping in pomegranate. J Maharashtra Agric Univ 14:341–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulochanamma BN, Yellamanda Reddy T, Subbi Reddy G (2005) Effect of basin and drip irrigation on growth, yield and water use efficiency in pomegranate cv. Ganesh. Acta Hortic 696:277–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonon G, Kevers C, Faivre-Rampant O, Grazianil M, Gaspar T (2004) Effect of nail and mannitol iso-osmotic stresses on proline and free polyamine levels in embryogenic Fraxinus angustifolia callus. J Plant Physiol 161:701–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torrecillas A, Alarcon JJ, Domingo R, Planes J, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (1996) Strategies for drought resistance in leaves of two almond cultivars. Plant Sci 118:135–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trapaidz TG, Abuladze LS (1998) Pomegranate cultivars resistant to cracking. Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 2:95–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma S, Mishra SN (2005) Putrescine alleviation of growth in salt stressed Brassica juncea by inducing antioxidative defense system. J Plant Physiol 162:669–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wrigley G (1995) Date palm. In: Smartt J Simmonds NW (eds) Evolution of crop plants, 2nd ed. Longman Group, Essex, England, pp 99–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav DS, Mishra MM, Nath A (2001) Horticulture research: an overview. In: Verma ND, Bhatt BP (eds) Steps towards modernization of NEH agriculture. ICAR Research Complex For NEH Region, Umiam, pp 93–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaish MW, Kumar PP (2015) Salt tolerance research in date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), past, present, and future perspectives. Front Plant Sci 6:348. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00348

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zaid A, de Wet PF (2002) Climatic requirements of date palm. In: Zaid A (ed) Date palm cultivation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp 57–72

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India

    N. K. Srinivasa Rao

Authors
  1. N. K. Srinivasa Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. K. Srinivasa Rao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. of Horticultural Research, Indian Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    N.K. Srinivasa Rao

  2. Horticultural Research, Indian Institute of, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    K.S. Shivashankara

  3. Horticultural Research, Indian Institute of, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    R. H. Laxman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rao, N.K.S. (2016). Arid Zone Fruit Crops. In: Rao, N., Shivashankara, K., Laxman, R. (eds) Abiotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2725-0_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation