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Omics of Model Plants

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PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science

Abstract

The multiple omics tools and strategies like high-throughput genome-scale genotyping platforms such as whole-genome re-sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics provide greater opportunities to dissect molecular mechanisms and the discovery of key genes in developing ideal genotypes in the changing climate scenario. The last decade has seen rapid advances in functional genomic research globally. Most of the efforts involve construction of technological and resource platforms for high-throughput DNA sequencing, gene identification, and physical and genetic mapping; functional analysis of genomes for agronomic traits and biological processes; and identification and isolation of functional genes. The functional genomic research aims to understand how the genome functions at the whole-genome level, whereas proteomics looks for the systematic analysis of the protein population in a tissue, cell, or subcellular compartment. Metabolites are the end products of cellular process, and they show the response of biological systems to environmental changes. The current trend in metabolomic studies is to define the cellular status at a particular time point of development or physiological status. These techniques complement other techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics and depict precise pictures of the whole cellular process. The growing number of sequenced plant genomes has opened up immense opportunities to study biological processes related to physiology, growth and development, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses at the cellular and whole plant level using a novel systems-level approach. The “omics” approach integrates genome, proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome data into a single data set and can lead to the identification of unknown genes and their regulatory networks involved in metabolic pathways of interest. This will also help in understanding the genotype–phenotype relationship and consequently help to improve the quality and productivity of crop plants for the food and nutritional security of millions of human populations.

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  1. Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS), Almora, India

    Pawan Kumar Agrawal Ph.D., B. Kalyana Babu Ph.D. & Navinder Saini Ph.D.

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  1. Pawan Kumar Agrawal Ph.D.
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  2. B. Kalyana Babu Ph.D.
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  3. Navinder Saini Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Pawan Kumar Agrawal Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Genomics, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, West Bengal, India

    Debmalya Barh

  2. University of Agriculture, Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sarwar Khan

  3. Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Eric Davies

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Agrawal, P.K., Babu, B.K., Saini, N. (2015). Omics of Model Plants. In: Barh, D., Khan, M., Davies, E. (eds) PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2172-2_1

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