Currently in Japanese society, what is meant by the term public realm is obscure and ambiguous. In the social science field, public realm is characterized as having many relations with us — ourselves — in various dimensions of our social life (Saito 2000). In the following section, the transformation and the ambiguous meaning of the public realm will be explained. The discussion will continue to the various dimensions and multiple interpretations of the public realm in social science.
Reflecting on the ideas of the multiple public realms or the current public realm, a structural transformation is necessary to adapt from a State-led planning system to a modern and democratic planning system. This chapter will cover recent developments regarding the idea of the public realm in social science and the advancement of this concept in planning theory. Finally, this chapter will explore a new direction for the structural transformation of the Japanese planning system.1
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Koizumi, H. (2009). Historical Development of Planning Theory and the Public Realm of Planning. In: Horita, M., Koizumi, H. (eds) Innovations in Collaborative Urban Regeneration. cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, vol 6. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99264-6_1
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