Summary
Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a 60-amino acid peptide that influences feeding behavior and energy metabolism, is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). GALP-containing neurons send outputs to orexin-, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons, and receive inputs from orexin- and neuropeptide Y-containing neurons. In addition, some GALP-containing neurons have been shown to co-localize with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is an anorexigenic peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). c-Fos experiments have shown that GALP activates neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), a feeding center where orexin- and MCH-containing neurons are known to be located. Moreover, c-Fos expressions have been observed in orexin- but not MCH-containing neurons in the LH. To determine whether GALP regulates feeding behavior via orexin neurons, the feeding behavior of rats was studied following the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of GALP with or without anti-orexin A and B immunoglobulin (IgG) pretreatment. The anti-orexin IgGs markedly inhibited GALP-induced acute hyperphagia. These results strongly suggest that orexin-containing neurons in the LH are targeted by GALP, and that GALP induces feeding activity through orexin-containing neurons in the LH. To clarify the neural network and the function of GALP neurons, we have generated a transgenic mouse strain which expresses enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) under the control of a promoter of the GALP gene. Using confocal laser microscopy techniques, eGFP fluorescence was detected in the ARC of colchicine-treated GALP-eGFP transgenic mice. These transgenic animals could serve as a powerful tool in the morphological and electrophysiological analysis of GALP-containing neurons.
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Kageyama, H., Takenoya, F., Shioda, S. (2009). Feeding regulation in the brain: Role of galanin-like peptide (GALP). In: Shioda, S., Homma, I., Kato, N. (eds) Transmitters and Modulators in Health and Disease. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99039-0_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99039-0_4
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