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Genomic approaches to understanding heterosis and improving yield of Pacific oysters

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Aquatic Genomics

Summary

According to FAO statistics, the Pacific oyster is the most farmed aquatic organism in the world, so improving growth and yield is worthwhile. Positive correlation of allozyme heterozygosity and growth in oysters, first reported in 1978, was vigorously debated by opposing camps, espousing two classical explanations for heterosis — dominance and overdominance. Crosses between inbred lines of this oyster demonstrate classical heterosis (superior yield of F1 hybrids compared to inbred parents). However, mapping of heterosis genes was initially prevented by distortions of Mendelian segregation ratios similar to those reported for bivalves since 1975. We have now shown that segregation for microsatellite markers is normal in early larvae but becomes distorted by the juvenile stage in a manner consistent with selection against numerous highly deleterious recessive mutations linked to markers. A large genetic load provides a unifying explanation for both distortions of Mendelian segregation ratios and heterosis, according to the dominance theory.

We have constructed a moderately dense linkage map of microsatellite markers, using early larvae from out-crossed mapping families. In collaboration with Lynx Therapeutics, Inc., we are examining the gene expression profiles of inbred and hybrid oysters, in pursuit of rapid and efficient means of characterizing growth potential in early larvae.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, 94923-0247, USA

    Dennis Hedgecock

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  1. Dennis Hedgecock
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, 160-8582, Shinjuku-ku, Japan

    Nobuyoshi Shimizu Ph.D. (Professor and Head) (Professor and Head)

  2. Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Tokyo University of Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan, 108-8477, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Aoki Ph.D. (Professor) & Ikuo Hirono Ph.D. (Associate Professor) (Professor) &  (Associate Professor)

  3. Tokyo University of Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan, 108-8477, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Fumio Takashima Ph.D. (President) (President)

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Hedgecock, D. (2003). Genomic approaches to understanding heterosis and improving yield of Pacific oysters. In: Shimizu, N., Aoki, T., Hirono, I., Takashima, F. (eds) Aquatic Genomics. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65938-9_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65938-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-65940-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-65938-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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