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Phospholipase A2

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Bioactive Lipid Mediators

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Abstract

Phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 position of phospholipids to generate fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which serve as lipid mediators or their precursors. Mammalian genomes encode genes for more than 30 PLA2s or related enzymes, which are subdivided into several groups on the basis of their structures, enzymatic properties, and evolutional relationships. Among them, the Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2), and secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) families are regarded as the “big three.” From a general point of view, cPLA2α (the prototypic cPLA2) plays a major role in the initiation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, the iPLA2 family contributes to membrane homeostasis or energy metabolism, and the sPLA2 family affects various biological events by modulating extracellular phospholipid milieus in response to given microenvironmental cues. In this chapter, we overview current understanding of the biological functions of PLA2s as revealed by gene-manipulated mice and human diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants-in aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and CREST from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan

    Makoto Murakami & Yoshitaka Taketomi

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  1. Makoto Murakami
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  2. Yoshitaka Taketomi
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Correspondence to Makoto Murakami .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Takehiko Yokomizo

  2. Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Makoto Murakami

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Murakami, M., Taketomi, Y. (2015). Phospholipase A2 . In: Yokomizo, T., Murakami, M. (eds) Bioactive Lipid Mediators. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55669-5_2

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