Abstract
In this chapter, we review the basics on the detection and characterization of exoplanetary systems. We first focus on the two leading techniques (the radial velocity and transit methods), deriving the basic quantities that can be extracted from observations with each technique. We then see the distributions of planetary parameters, and introduce various “planetary migrations” in order to account for the presence of close-in giant planets. Finally, we describe the measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect for probing the angle between the host star’s spin axis and planetary orbital axis. We show that measurements of the RM effect are an important key to confirm or refute the theoretical models regarding the planetary migrations. A summary and the current status of RM measurements are presented together with possible mechanisms to explain the observed distribution of the spin-orbit angle.
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Notes
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- 2.
There has been no clear definition of “super-Earth” but it is usually referred to the planets with mass ranging between \(\sim 1-10 M_\oplus \).
- 3.
List of RM measurements are summarized at the following website: http://ooo.aip.de/People/rheller/content/main_spinorbit.html.
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Hirano, T. (2014). Evolution History of Extrasolar Planetary Systems. In: Measurements of Spin-Orbit Angles for Transiting Systems. Springer Theses. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54586-6_2
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