Abstract
We investigated the presumed differences in learning abilities between Neanderthals and modern humans by combining evidence from the morphological analysis of fossil brains and functional mapping of modern human brain functions. To achieve this, we established a method for extrapolating to human brain functions from skull anatomy data, which are the only data available to compare modern humans and Neanderthals. Over the last three years, we have developed a skull-based image analysis method based on the computational anatomy technique, which is a standard method used in neuroimaging research, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). In this report, we introduce the concept and practice of our method, and also present some prototype studies to investigate the performance of the proposed approach.
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Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, H.C., Ogihara, N. (2014). Reconstruction of the Brain from Skull Fossils Using Computational Anatomy. In: Akazawa, T., Ogihara, N., C Tanabe, H., Terashima, H. (eds) Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2. Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54553-8_22
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