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Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the Spinal Cord

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Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord

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Abstract

The spinal cord has remarkable ability to resist chronic compression; however, delayed paralysis is sometimes seen following the development of spinal kyphosis. In the past, no animal model to clarify the mechanism of spinal cord damage due to spinal kyphotic deformity has been available. We developed a new experimental model of chronic spinal cord compression using a bird, to evaluate the effects of chronic compression associated with kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine on the spinal cord.

As kyphosis progressed, the spinal cord flattening became more marked, causing histopathological changes, including demyelination and neuronal loss. Demyelination of the axons progressed in the order of the anterior, lateral, and then posterior funiculus. Furthermore, microangiography suggested that vascular disturbance in addition to mechanical compression may have contributed to the development of histological changes. In conclusion, progressive kyphosis of the cervical spine resulted in demyelination of nerve fibers in the funiculi and neuronal loss in the anterior horn due to chronic compression of the spinal cord. These histological changes seem to be associated with both continuous mechanical compression and vascular changes in the spinal cord.

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Conflict of Interest  The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Masaya Nakamura, Kentaro Shimizu & Yoshiaki Toyama

Authors
  1. Masaya Nakamura
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  2. Kentaro Shimizu
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  3. Yoshiaki Toyama
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masaya Nakamura .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Orthop & Rehabilit Med, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan

    Kenzo Uchida

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaya Nakamura

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Hiroshi Ozawa

  4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan

    Shinsuke Katoh

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoshiaki Toyama

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Nakamura, M., Shimizu, K., Toyama, Y. (2014). Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the Spinal Cord. In: Uchida, K., Nakamura, M., Ozawa, H., Katoh, S., Toyama, Y. (eds) Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_12

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54501-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54502-6

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