Abstract
Lens epithelial cells (LECs) undergo tissue repair reaction following cataract-intraocular lens (IOL) surgery. However, the reaction in turn produces opacification of the lens capsule that potentially impairs vision. Histology and immunohistochemistry are employed for characterization of the tissues of capsular opacification. LECs transform into regenerated lens fiber structures and myofibroblasts. The former behavior develops Soemmering’s ring in the peripheral capsular bag and Elschnig’s pearls on the inner surface of the posterior capsule. Histology shows lens-like cellular arrangement in these structures. The latter response is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and generates fibrous tissue accumulation on the capsule. EMT-derived cells no longer exhibit an epithelial feature, but accumulate fibrous extracellular matrix around themselves. Contraction of EMT myofibroblasts shrinks the postoperative lens capsule around an IOL.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Martin P (1997) Wound healing–aiming for perfect skin regeneration. Science 276:75–81
Flanders KC, Major CD, Arabshahi A, Aburime EE, Okada MH, Fujii M, Blalock TD, Schultz GS, Sowers A, Anzano MA, Mitchell JB, Russo A, Roberts AB (2003) Interference with transforming growth factor-b/Smad3 signaling results in accelerated healing of wounds in previously irradiated skin. Am J Pathol 163:2247–2257
Saika S, Ikeda K, Yamanaka O, Flanders KC, Okada Y, Miyamoto T, Kitano A, Ooshima A, Nakajima Y, Ohnishi Y, Kao WW (2006) Loss of tumor necrosis factor alpha potentiates transforming growth factor beta-mediated pathogenic tissue response during wound healing. Am J Pathol 168(6):1848–1860
Saika S (2007) Yin and yang in cytokine regulation of corneal wound healing: roles of TNFα. Cornea 26(9 Suppl 1):S70–S74
Saika S, Yamanaka O, Sumioka T, Miyamoto T, Miyazaki K, Okada Y, Kitano A, Shirai K, Tanaka S, Ikeda K (2008) Fibrotic disorders in the eye: targets of gene therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res 27(2):177–196. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.12.002
Saika S (2004) Relationship between posterior capsule opacification and intraocular lens biocompatibility. Prog Retin Eye Res 23(3):283–305
Blomstedt G, Fagerholm P, Gallo J, Philipson B (1987) After-cataract in the rabbit eye following extracapsular cataract extraction - a wound healing reaction. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 182:93–99
Saika S, Miyamoto T, Ishida I, Okada Y, Ohnishi Y, Ooshima A (2001) Lens epithelial cell regeneration of a capsule-like structure during postoperative healing in rabbits. J Cataract Refract Surg 27(7):1076–1078
Saika S, Yamanaka O, Flanders KC, Okada Y, Miyamoto T, Sumioka T, Shirai K, Kitano A, Miyazaki K, Tanaka S, Ikeda K (2008) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a therapeutic target for prevention of ocular tissue fibrosis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 8(1):69–76
Saika S (2006) Practical ophthalmology 8. Imasugu-yakudatsu-ganbyouri, Bunkoudou, Tokyo, Japan, p 138 (in Japanese)
Saika S (2006) Practical ophthalmology 8. Imasugu-yakudatsu-ganbyouri, Bunkoudou, Tokyo, Japan, p 137 (in Japanese)
Saika S, Kawashima Y, Miyamoto T, Okada Y, Tanaka SI, Ohmi S, Minamide A, Yamanaka O, Ohnishi Y, Ooshima A, Yamanaka A (1998) Immunolocalization of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunits, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and extracellular matrix components in human lens capsules with lens implants. Exp Eye Res 66(3):283–294
Werner L (2008) Biocompatibility of intraocular lens materials. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 19(1):41–49
Apple DJ, Werner L (2001) Complications of cataract and refractive surgery: a clinicopathological documentation. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 99:95–107
Dewey S (2006) Posterior capsule opacification. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 17(1):45–53
Wormstone IM (2002) Posterior capsule opacification: a cell biological perspective. Exp Eye Res 74(3):337–347
Wormstone IM, Wang L, Liu CS (2009) Posterior capsule opacification. Exp Eye Res 88(2):257–269
de Iongh RU, Wederell E, Lovicu FJ, McAvoy JW (2005) Transforming growth factor-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lens: a model for cataract formation. Cells Tissues Organs 179(1–2):43–55
Saika S, Okada Y, Miyamoto T, Ohnishi Y, Ooshima A, McAvoy JW (2001) Smad translocation and growth suppression in lens epithelial cells by endogenous TGFbeta2 during wound repair. Exp Eye Res 72(6):679–686
Shirai K, Saika S, Okada Y, Oda S, Ohnishi Y (2004) Histology and immunohistochemistry of fibrous posterior capsule opacification in an infant. J Cataract Refract Surg 30(2):523–526
Buehl W, Findl O (2008) Effect of intraocular lens design on posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 34(11):1976–1985
Saeed MU, Jafree AJ, Saeed MS, Zia R, Sheikh IM, Heravi M (2012) Intraocular lens and capsule opacification with hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic materials. Semin Ophthalmol 27(1–2):15–18
Kappelhof JP, Pameyer JH, De Jong PT, Jongkind JF, Vrensen GF (1986) The proteinaceous coating and cytology of implant lenses in rabbits. Am J Ophthalmol 102(6):750–758
Saika S, Ohmi S, Tanaka S, Ohnishi Y, Yamanaka A, Ooshima A (1997) Light and scanning electron microscopy of rabbit lens capsules with intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 23(5):787–794
Saika S (2006) Practical ophthalmology 8. Imasugu-yakudatsu-ganbyouri, Bunkoudou, Tokyo, Japan, p 141 (in Japanese)
Saika S (2001) Practical new mook of ophthalmology 1. Ganshikkann-to-shousyoutiyu, Kanehara-syuppann, Tokyo, Japan, p 29 (in Japanese)
Saika S (2006) Practical Ophthalmology 8. Imasugu-yakudatsu-ganbyouri, Bunkoudou, Tokyo, p 139 (in Japanese)
Ishibashi T, Sugai S, Kubota T, Ohnishi Y, Inomata H (1990) Cellular adhesiveness on implanted lenses in monkeys. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 228(4):356–362
Saika S, Tanaka S, Ohmi S, Minamide A, Ohnishi Y, Yamanaka A, Ooshima A, Kimura M (1997) Deposition of extracellular matrix on intraocular lenses in rabbits: an immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopic study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 235(4):241–247
Saika S, Kawashima Y, Miyamoto T, Okada Y, Tanaka S, Yamanaka O, Ohnishi Y, Ooshima A, Yamanaka A (1998) Immunohistochemical identification of proteoglycan types in fibrotic human capsules with intraocular lens implants. Jpn J Ophthalmol 42(5):368–372
Ishibashi T, Hatae T, Inomata H (1994) Collagen types in human posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 20(6):643–646
Wederell ED, de Iongh RU (2006) Extracellular matrix and integrin signaling in lens development and cataract. Semin Cell Dev Biol 17(6):759–776
Kappelhof JP, Vrensen GF (1992) The pathology of after-cataract. A minireview. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl (205):13–24
Gabbiani G (2003) The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. J Pathol 200(4):500–503
Saika S, Miyamoto T, Kawashima Y, Okada Y, Yamanaka O, Ohnishi Y, Ooshima A (2000) Immunolocalization of TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, and TGF-β receptors in human lens capsules with lens implants. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 238(3):283–293
Saika S (2006) TGFβ pathobiology in the eye. Lab Invest 86(2):106–115
Roberts AB, Tian F, Byfield SD, Stuelten C, Ooshima A, Saika S, Flanders KC (2006) Smad3 is key to TGF-beta-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, fibrosis, tumor suppression and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 17(1–2):19–27
Ishikawa N, Miyamoto T, Okada Y, Saika S (2011) Cell adhesion on explanted intraocular lenses: part 1: analysis of explanted IOLs. J Cataract Refract Surg 37(7):1333–1338
Ishikawa N, Miyamoto T, Okada Y, Saika S (2011) Cell adhesion on explanted intraocular lenses part 2: experimental study of a surface-modified IOL in rabbits. J Cataract Refract Surg 37(7):1339–1342. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.04.002
Richards RG, Moriarty TF, Miclau T, McClellan RT, Grainger DW (2012) Advances in biomaterials and surface technologies. J Orthop Trauma 26(12):703–707. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e31826e37a2
Anderson JM, Rodriguez A, Chang DT (2008) Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin Immunol 20(2):86–100
Ziats NP, Miller KM, Anderson JM (1988) In vitro and in vivo interactions of cells with biomaterials. Biomaterials 9(1):5–13
Saika S, Miyamoto T, Ohnishi Y (2003) Histology of anterior capsule opacification with a polyHEMA/HOHEXMA hydrophilic hydrogel intraocular lens compared to poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, and acrylic lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 29(6):1198–1203
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miyamoto, T., Ishikawa, N., Shirai, K., Kitano-Izutani, A., Tanaka, Si., Saika, S. (2014). Histology of Posterior Capsular Opacification. In: Saika, S., Werner, L., Lovicu, F. (eds) Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54300-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54300-8_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54299-5
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54300-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)