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Institutional Analysis of Environmental Management Practices: Application to Golf Courses

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Quantitative Methods in Tourism Economics

Abstract

This paper describes an analytical study, using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique, of the environmental management practices employed by the golf courses of Andalusia (Spain). As the basis for our study, we have taken the principles of Institutional Theory. We make use of this theoretical framework to delimit the institutional setting of these organizations and, at the same time, to define the pressures exerted by this institutional setting towards the adoption of responsible environmental policies. In recent years the growth of golf-related tourism in Andalusia has been accompanied by the construction of numerous golf courses. As a consequence of this phenomenon, there has been a broad-based social debate on the impact of facilities of this type on the natural environment.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This test gives us an empirical assessment regarding which measurement model is more suitable - either a common latent construct or an aggregate latent construct. The statistic employed in this test is TX2 = Nt´∑ − 1tt t, where N is the size of the sample, t the vector of the sample of independent tetrads, ∑ − 1tt is the inverse of the matrix of covariances of a limiting distribution of t as N approaches infinity. The resulting statistic TX2 is an X2 distributed asymptotically, with degrees of freedom equal to the number of non-redundant tetrads considered (Bollen and Ting 1993 2000). The null hypothesis is that the measurement scale is reflective, that is, TX2 = 0 (Bollen and Kwok-fai 2000). In our context tetrads refer to the difference between the product of one pair of covariances and the product of another pair, among the four measurements or items of a scale (Gudergan 2005).

  2. 2.

    To calculate the Degrees of Freedom in the second model, only the latent variables with reflective indicators have been taken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de CC. Empresariales, GEIDETUR, University of Huelva, Plaza de la Merced, 11, E-21002, Huelva, Spain

    Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez & Francisco José Riquel-Ligero

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  1. Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez
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  2. Francisco José Riquel-Ligero
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Correspondence to Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics and Business, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 188-198, Lisboa, 1349-001, Portugal

    Álvaro Matias

  2. Faculty of Economics, and Business Administration, Free University, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands

    Peter Nijkamp

  3. School of Economics and Business, Head of the Tourism Department, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 188-198, Lisboa, 1349-001, Portugal

    Manuela Sarmento

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Vargas-Sánchez, A., Riquel-Ligero, F.J. (2013). Institutional Analysis of Environmental Management Practices: Application to Golf Courses. In: Matias, Á., Nijkamp, P., Sarmento, M. (eds) Quantitative Methods in Tourism Economics. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2879-5_17

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