Private Actor Model

Abstract

A good understanding as to how the private demand for energy carriers (electricity, oil, gas, district heating, wood pellets, etc.) and technologies will change over time is essential for stakeholders. For instance, residential heat demand depends on the insulation standard of the building and the consumption behavior of the occupants. Heat can be supplied by a range of conventional (e.g. gas and oil boilers) and new technologies (e.g. micro-cogeneration, pellet boilers, solar thermal installations). Electricity demand likewise depends on the technologies available and utilization patterns. The thermal performance of buildings, the conversion technologies available, and consumption profiles may therefore have a major influence on market size, competition levels on supply markets, prices, consumer relations, overall CO₂ emissions, and supply security.