Skip to main content

Part of the book series: International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ((CISM,volume 266))

Abstract

Bin packing problems, in which one is asked to pack items of various sizes into bins so as to optimize some given objective function, arise in a wide variety of contexts and have been studied extensively during the past ten years, primarily with the goal of finding fast “approximation algorithms” that construct near-optimal packings. Beginning with the classical one-dimensional bin packing problem first studied in the early 1970’s, we survey the approximation results that have been obtained for this problem and its many variants and generalizations, including recent (unpublished) work that reflects the currently most active areas of bin packing research. Our emphasis is on the worst-case performance guarantees that have been proved, but we also discuss work that has been done on expected performance and behavior “in practice,” as well as mentioning some of the many applications of these problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Baker, B. S., private communication (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baker, B. S., Brown, D. J., and Katseff, H. P., “Lower bounds for on-line modimensional packing algorithms,” Proc. 1979 Conf. on Information Sci. and Systems. Dept. of Electrical Eng., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (1979), 174–179.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baker, B. S., Brown, D. J., and Katseff, H. P., “A 5/4 algorithm for two-dimensional packing,” (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Baker, B. S. and Coffman, E. G., Jr., “A tight asymptotic bound for next-fitdecreasing bin packing,” (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baker, B. S., Coffman, E. G., Jr., and Rivest, R. L., “Orthogonal packings in two dimensions,” SIAM J. Comput. (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baker, B. S. and Schwarz, J. S., “Shelf algorithms for two-dimensional packing problems,” Proc. 1979 Conf. on Information Sci. and Systems, Dept. of Electrical Eng., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (1979), 273–276.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brown, A. R., Optimum Packing and Depletion, American Elsevier, New York (1971).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown, D. J., “A lower bound for on-line one-dimensional bin packing algorithms,” Technical Report R-864 (1979), Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Minois, Urbana, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brown, D. J., private communication (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chandra, A. K. and Wong, C. K., “Worst-case analysis of a placement algorithm related to storage allocation,” SIAM J. Comput. 4 (1975), 249–263.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Chandra, A. K., Hirschberg, D. S., and Wong, C. K., “Bin packing with geometric constraints in computer network design,” Computer Science Research Report RC 6895 (1977), IBM Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Coffman, E. G., Jr., Garey, M. R., and Johnson, D. S., “An application of bin-packing to multiprocessor scheduling,” SIAM J. Comput. 7 (1978), 1–17.

    Article  ADS  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Coffman, E. G., Jr, Garey, M. R., and Johnson, D. S., “Dynamic bin packing,” (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Coffman, E. G., Jr., Garey, M. R., Johnson, D. S., and Tarjan, R. E., “Performance bounds for level-oriented two-dimensional packing algorithms,” SIAM J. Comput. (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Coffman, E. G., Jr., Hofri, M., and So, K., “A stochastic model of bin packing,” (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Coffman, E. G., Jr., and Leung, J. Y., “Combinatorial analysis of an efficient algorithm for processor and storage allocation,” SIAM J. Comput. 8 (1979), 202–217.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Coffman, E. G., Jr., Leung, J. Y., and Ting, D. W., “Bin packing: maximizing the number of pieces packed,” Acta Informatica 9 (1978), 263–271.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Easton, M. C. and Wong, C. K., “The effect of a capacity constraint on the minimal cost of a partition,” J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 22 (1975), 441–449.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Erdös, P. and Graham, R. L., “On packing squares with equal squares,” J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A 19 (1975), 119–123.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Frederickson, G. N., “Probabilistic analysis for simple one-and two-dimensional bin packing algorithms,” (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Friesen, D. K., “Sensitivity analysis for heuristic algorithms,” Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-78–939 (1978), Dept. Comp. Sci., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Garey, M. R. and Graham, R. L., “Bounds on multiprocessor scheduling with resource constraints,” SIAM J. Comput. 4 (1974), 187–200.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Garey, M. R., Graham, R. L., and Johnson, D. S., “On a number-theoretic bin packing conjecture,” Proc. 5th Hungarian Combinatorics Colloquium, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1978), 377–392.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Garey, M. R., Graham, R. L., Johnson, D. S., and Yao, A. C., “Resource constrained scheduling as generalized bin packing,” J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A 21 (1976), 257–298.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Garey, M. R. and Johnson, D. S., “Approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems: an annotated bibliography,” in J. F. Traub (ed.), Algorithms and Complexity: New Directions and Recent Results, Academic Press, New York (1976), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Garey, M. ‘R. and Johnson, D. S., Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco (1979).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Garey, M. R. and Johnson, D. S., in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gilmore, P. C. and Gomory, R. E., “A linear programming approach to the cutting stock problem,” Operations Res. 9 (1961), 849–859.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Gilmore, P. C. and Gomory, R. E., “A linear programming approach to the cutting stock problem–Part II,” Operations Res. 11 (1963), 863–888.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Golan, I., “Orthogonal oriented algorithms for packing in two dimension,” Draft (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Graham, R. L., “Bounds for certain multiprocessing anomalies,” Bell System Tech. J. 45 (1966), 1563–1581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Graham, R. L., “Bounds on multiprocessing timing anomalies,” SIAM J. Appl. Math. 17 (1969), 263–269.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Graham, R. L., “Bounds on multiprocessing anomalies and related packing algorithms,” Proc. 1972 Spring Joint Computer Conference, AFIPS Press, Montvale. NJ (1972), 205–217.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Graham, R. L., “Bounds on performance of scheduling algorithms,” in E. G. Coffman, Jr. (ed.), Computer and Job-Shop Scheduling Theory, John Wiley & Son,. New York (1976), 165–227.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Graham, R. L., Lawler, E. L., Lenstra, J. K., and Rinnooy Kan, A. H. G., “Optimization and approximation in deterministic sequencing and scheduling: a survie’ Annals Disc. Math. 5 (1979), 287–326.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. Hofri, M., “1.5 dimensional packing: expected performance of simple level algorithms,” Technical Report No. 147 (1979), Dept. Computer Science, Technion. Haifa, Israel.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Johnson, D. S., “Near-optimal bin packing algorithms,” Technical Report MAC TR-109 (1973), Project MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Johnson, D. S., “Fast algorithms for bin packing,” J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 8 (1974), 272–314.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Johnson, D. S., Demers, A., Ullman, J. D., Garey, M. R., and Graham, R. L., “Worst-case performance bounds for simple one-dimensional packing algorithms,” SIAM J. Comput. 3 (1974), 299–325.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. Karp, R. M., “Reducibility among combinatorial problems,” in R. E. Miller and J. W. Thatcher (ed.), Complexity of Computer Computations, Plenum Press, New York (1972), 85–103.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaufman, M. T., “An almost-optimal algorithm for the assembly line scheduling problem,” IEEE Trans. Computers C-23 (1974), 1169–1174.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kleitman, D. J. and Krieger, M. K., “An optimal bound for two dimensional bin packing,” Proc. 16th Ann. Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Computer Society, Long Beach, CA (1975), 163–168.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kou, L. T. and Markowsky, G., “Multidimensional bin packing algorithms,” IBM J. Res. & Del,. 21 (1977), 443–448.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. Krause, K. L., Shen, Y. Y., and Schwetman, H. D., “Analysis of several task-scheduling algorithms for a model of multiprogramming computer systems,” J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 22 (1975), 522–550.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. Liang, F. M., “A lower bound for on-line bin packing,” Information Processing Len. 10 (1980), 76–79.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. Magazine, M. J. and Wee, T. S., “The generalization of bin-packing heuristics to the line balancing problem,” Working Paper No. 128 (1979), Dept. Mgmt. Sci., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Maruyama, K., Chang, S. K., and Tang, D. T., “A general packing algorithm for multidimensional resource requirements,” Internat. J. Comput. Infor. Sci. 6 (1977), 131–149.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  48. Salmi, S., “Algorithms for scheduling independent tasks,” J. Assoc. Comp. Mach. 23 (1976), 116–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Shapiro, S. D., “Performance of heuristic bin packing algorithms with segments of random length,” Information and Control 35 (1977), 146–148.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  50. Sleator, D. K. D. B., “A 2.5 times optimal algorithm for bin packing in two dimensions,” Information Processing Lett. 10 (1980), 37–40.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  51. Taylor, D. B., “Container stacking: an application of mathematical programming,” Draft (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wong, C. K. and Yao, A. C., “A combinatorial optimization problem related to data set allocation,” Rev. Francaise Automat. Informar. Recherche Operationelle Ser. Bleue 105 (stippl.) (1976), 83–95:

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yao, A. C., “New algorithms for bin packing” J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 27 (1980), 207–227.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  54. Yue, P. C. and Wong, C. K., “On the optimality of the probability ranking scheme in storage applications,” J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 20 (1973), 624–633.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S. (1981). Approximation Algorithms for Bin Packing Problems: A Survey. In: Ausiello, G., Lucertini, M. (eds) Analysis and Design of Algorithms in Combinatorial Optimization. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 266. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2748-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2748-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-81626-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-2748-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics