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Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in African Trypanosomiasis

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Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis

Abstract

Infection of man and domestic animals with Brucei group African trypanosomes results in a fatal disease. The immunobiological events that underlie temporal host resistance and susceptibility during an infection are complex but informative, because the parasites activate and engage nearly every element of the host innate and adaptive immune system. The ability of trypanosomes to undergo extensive antigenic variation provides a means to escape adaptive immunity, but these protozoan pathogens also activate and regulate many elements of the host immune response to their own end. This chapter highlights the trypanosome elements that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses in the infected mammalian host: the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that trigger the innate immune response; the associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells and subcellular signaling events that are activated; the resulting pattern of pro-inflammatory gene expression that shapes the nascent adaptive immune response; and, the downstream elements that ultimately cause host resistance to fail. The chapter concludes with promising new approaches, informed by recent studies of immunological memory, aimed at protecting trypanosome infected hosts against a broad range of antigenic variants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    John M. Mansfield, Donna M. Paulnock & Gina M. Hedberg

  2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    John M. Mansfield, Donna M. Paulnock & Gina M. Hedberg

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  1. John M. Mansfield
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  2. Donna M. Paulnock
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  3. Gina M. Hedberg
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Correspondence to John M. Mansfield .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Imm, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium

    Stefan Magez

  2. Science Europe, Brussels, Brussels Hoofdst.ge., Belgium

    Magdalena Radwanska

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Mansfield, J.M., Paulnock, D.M., Hedberg, G.M. (2014). Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in African Trypanosomiasis. In: Magez, S., Radwanska, M. (eds) Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1556-5_4

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