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Cell Therapy and Structural Plasticity Following Cerebral Ischemia

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Cell-Based Therapies in Stroke

Abstract

Conventional therapeutic strategies in stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, have focused on the prevention of further stroke. Stem cell transplantation shifts the paradigm of stroke therapy in that it aims to repair the ischemic brain by facilitating the brain’s plasticity to regenerate synaptic structures and reorganize its functional architecture after injury. Transplanted neural progenitor cells have been shown to migrate to the ischemic penumbra and improve functional recovery. The mechanisms through which transplanted cells exert their effects include promoting dendritic branching, facilitating axonal rewiring and axonal transport, enhancing neovascularization, and modulating the inflammatory response. This chapter discusses the molecular mechanisms that underlie axonal and dendritic regeneration; focuses on the effect of stem cells on brain remodeling following stroke, as plasticity is thought to play a major role in recovery; and examines the logistical considerations of stem cell transplantation in a translational context. Stem cell transplantation for stroke is a nascent field of research, and much work is needed to optimize its therapeutic benefit and to minimize its risks.

Stanley Hoang and Henry Jung contributed equally to this work

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive R281, Stanford, CA, 94305-5327, USA

    Stanley Hoang M.D., Henry Jung M.D., Tonya Bliss Ph.D. & Gary Steinberg M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Stanley Hoang M.D.
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  2. Henry Jung M.D.
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  3. Tonya Bliss Ph.D.
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  4. Gary Steinberg M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Gary Steinberg M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland

    Jukka Jolkkonen

  2. School of Medicine, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University, N Broadway 733, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA

    Piotr Walczak

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Hoang, S., Jung, H., Bliss, T., Steinberg, G. (2013). Cell Therapy and Structural Plasticity Following Cerebral Ischemia. In: Jolkkonen, J., Walczak, P. (eds) Cell-Based Therapies in Stroke. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1175-8_1

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