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Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown—Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science

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Breakdown in Traffic Networks

Abstract

In this chapter, based on an analysis of real field traffic data we will disclose the nature of probabilistic empirical traffic breakdown at highway bottlenecks. We will show that in accordance with hypotheses of the three-phase theory, free flow at a highway bottleneck is indeed metastable with respect to a phase transition from free flow to synchronized flow at the bottleneck. In other words, we will prove that empirical traffic breakdown exhibits the nucleation nature.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Although the number of trucks must be conserved between ramps, we observe sometimes that a wave can also reform or even disperse over time between road intersections. This might be explained by a complex spatiotemporal dynamics of fast cars that overtake the trucks. However, this microscopic spatiotemporal dynamics of the waves cannot be resolved in 1 minute averaged data. Empirical vehicle trajectories of (almost) all vehicles in free flow, which are required for an analysis of this wave dynamics in free flow, are not currently available.

  2. 2.

    Empirical features of effective bottleneck location have been explained in Sec. 9.2 of the book [18].

  3. 3.

    Only a few trucks with a special permit from authorities may be allowed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics of Transport and Traffic, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany

    Boris S. Kerner

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  1. Boris S. Kerner
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Kerner, B.S. (2017). Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown—Empirical Fundamental of Transportation Science. In: Breakdown in Traffic Networks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54473-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54473-0_3

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