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Aufmerksamkeit und Bewusstsein

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Allgemeine Psychologie

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Zusammenfassung

Kapitel 5 ist ein weiteres klassisches Feld der Allgemeinen Psychologie, das die Fragen nach der Steuerung und Selektivität unserer Aufmerksamkeit (als Teilaspekt der Wahrnehmung) wie auch unser Wissen um unterschiedliche, veränderte oder krankhafte Bewusstseinszustände und Schlaf umfasst. Wir lernen die verschiedenen Mechanismen (und neuropsychologischen Korrelate) der Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung und Selektion sowie die Rolle von Bedürfnissen und Wertungen kennen. Ausführlich werden die verschiedenen Facetten des menschlichen Bewusstseins besprochen und das Problem der Bewusstwerdung erörtert. Dazu kommt abschließend eine ausführlichere Darstellung der neueren Kenntnisse über Funktion und Bedeutung des Schlafes, der zirkadianen Rhythmik (auch unseres Bewusstseins und der Aufmerksamkeit) und des Traumes.

In the simplest terms, „attention“ refers to a selectivity of response. Man or animal is continuously responding to some events in the environment, and not to others that could be responded to (or „noticed“) just as well. When an experimental result makes it necessary to refer to […] „attention“, the reference means, precisely, that the activity that controls the form, speed, strength, or duration of response is not the immediately preceding excitation of receptor cells alone. (Hebb 1949, S. 4)

Nothing is more familiar than the mind […] The first quandary involves the perspective one must adopt to study the conscious mind in relation to the brain in which we believe it originates. Anyone’s body and brain are observable to third parties; the mind, though, is observable only to its owner. (Damasio 1999, S. 114)

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  1. Allgemeine Psychologie I und II, Universität Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Christian Becker-Carus

  2. Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Mike Wendt

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Becker-Carus, C., Wendt, M. (2017). Aufmerksamkeit und Bewusstsein. In: Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53006-1_5

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