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Bidirectional Variable-Order de Bruijn Graphs

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LATIN 2016: Theoretical Informatics (LATIN 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 9644))

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Abstract

Implementing de Bruijn graphs compactly is an important problem because of their role in genome assembly. There are currently two main approaches, one using Bloom filters and the other using a kind of Burrows-Wheeler Transform on the edge labels of the graph. The second representation is more elegant and can even handle many graph-orders at once, but it does not cleanly support traversing edges backwards or inserting new nodes or edges. In this paper we resolve the first of these issues and partially address the second.

Supported by the Academy of Finland through grants 258308, 268324, and 284598, and Italian MIUR PRIN 2010–2011 grant Automi e Linguaggi Formali: Aspetti Matematici e Applicativi (code 2010LYA9RH). This work was done while the fourth author was visiting the University of Helsinki.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that there are at most four possible outgoing edges, corresponding to each letter of the DNA alphabet {A, C, G, T}.

  2. 2.

    In the original (single-order) BOSS representation, one maintains a sequence of characters from alphabet \(2\sigma \) and a bitvecor. The sequence is built by sorting the k-mers (nodes) in lexicographic order and for each k-mer storing the characters labelling its outgoing edges. The bitvector is used to mark the beginning of the labels of each k-mer in the sequence. We additionally use another bitvector to mark the beginning of each block of edges outgoing from a group of nodes whose labels have the same prefix of length \(k-1\). Queries, and insertions or deletions of nodes and edges can then easily be done by rank and select queries and insertions, deletions in the two bitvectors and the sequence (the reader can easily guess the details by looking at the original BOSS representation [4]). The total time for an update or query will be \(O(\log m/\log \log m)\).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research on Technical and Scientific Information (CERIST), Algiers, Algeria

    Djamal Belazzougui

  2. Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Travis Gagie, Veli Mäkinen & Simon J. Puglisi

  3. Department of Computer Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Marco Previtali

Authors
  1. Djamal Belazzougui
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  2. Travis Gagie
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  3. Veli Mäkinen
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  4. Marco Previtali
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  5. Simon J. Puglisi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Travis Gagie .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Ontario, Canada

    Evangelos Kranakis

  2. University Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Gonzalo Navarro

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Belazzougui, D., Gagie, T., Mäkinen, V., Previtali, M., Puglisi, S.J. (2016). Bidirectional Variable-Order de Bruijn Graphs. In: Kranakis, E., Navarro, G., Chávez, E. (eds) LATIN 2016: Theoretical Informatics. LATIN 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9644. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49529-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49529-2_13

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