Zusammenfassung
1979 kündigte die Volksrepublik China eine einschneidend neue Politik an, die sich dramatisch auf chinesische Familien auswirken sollte. Infolge der vielen Probleme, die mit der Übervölkerung des Landes zusammenhingen, entschied die chinesische Regierung, eine Obergrenze von einem Kind pro Familie einzurichten und ihre Einhaltung strikt durchzusetzen, insbesondere in der städtischen Bevölkerung. Dieses System ging mit ökonomischen Belohnungen für diejenigen einher, die sich an die neue Regel hielten, und mit finanziellen und sozialen Sanktionen gegen diejenigen, die dagegen verstießen. Auf diese Weise war die Politik sehr wirksam, besonders in Städten. In Shanghai beispielsweise handelte es sich 1985 bei 98 % der Geburten um Erstgeburten; landesweit betrug dieser Anteil 68 % (Poston und Falbo 1990). Nach Schätzungen der chinesischen Regierung hat diese Politik im Jahr 2009 250 bis 300 Mio. Geburten verhindert (Wang und Fong 2009).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Adler-Baeder, F., Russell, C., Kerpelman, J., Pittman, J., Ketring, S., Smith, T., & Stringer, K. (2010). Thriving in stepfamilies: Exploring competence and well-being among African American youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 396–398. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.014.
Afifi, T. D., & McManus, T. (2010). Divorce disclosures and adolescents’ physical and mental health and parental relationship quality. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 51, 83–107. doi:10.1080/10502550903455141.
Afifi, T. D., Afifi, W. A., & Coho, A. (2009). Adolescents’ physiological reactions to their parents’ negative disclosures about the other parent in divorced and nondivorced families. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 50, 517–540. doi:10.1080/10502550902970496.
Afifi, T. D., Afifi, W. A., Morse, C. R., & Hamrick, K. (2008). Adolescents’ avoidance tendencies and physiological reactions to discussionsabout their parents’ relationship: Implications for postdivorce and nondivorced families. Communication Monographs, 75, 290–317. doi:10.1080/03637750802342308.
Afifi, T. D., McManus, T., Hutchinson, S., & Baker, B. (2007). Inappropriate parental divorce disclosures, the factors that prompt them, and their impact on parents’ and adolescents’ well-being. Communication Monographs, 74, 78–102. doi:10.1080/03637750701196870.
Ahnert, L. (2010). Wie viel Mutter braucht ein Kind? Heidelberg: Springer Spektrum.
Aksan, N., Kochanska, G., & Ortmann, M. R. (2006). Mutually responsive orientation between parents and their young children: Toward methodological advances in the science of relationships. Developmental Psychology, 42, 833–848. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.833.
Alwin, D. F. (1984). Trends in parental socialization values: Detroit, 1958–1983. American Journal of Sociology, 90, 359–382.
Amato, P. R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355–370. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.15.3.355.
Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 650–666. doi:10. 1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723.x.
Amato, P. R., & Gilbreth, J. G. (1999). Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 557–573.
Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 26–46.
Amato, P. R., Kane, J. B., & James, S. (2011). Reconsidering the “good divorce”. Family Relations, 60, 511–524. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729. 2011.00666.x.
Amato, P. R., Loomis, L. S., & Booth, A. (1995). Parental divorce, marital conflict, and offspring well-being during early adulthood. Social Forces, 73, 895–915. doi:10.1093/sf/73.3.895.
American Academy of Pediatrics, American Public Health Association, & National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education (2011). Caring for our children: National health and safety performance standards guidelines for early care and education programs (3. Aufl.). Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics.
American Psychological Association (2013). Effects of poverty, hunger and homelessness on children and youth. Retrieved from. http://www.apa.org/pi/families/poverty.aspx
Aptekar, L., & Ciano-Federoff, L. M. (1999). Street children in Nairobi: Gender differences in mental health. In M. Raffaelli, & R. W. Larson (Hrsg.), New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development: No. 85. Homeless and working youth around the world: Exploring developmental issues (Bd. 1999, S. 35–46). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Arnett, J. J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. American Psychologist, 54, 317–326.
Bachman, H. J., Coley, R. L., & Carrano, J. (2012). Low-income mothers’ patterns of partnership instability and adolescents’ socioemotional wellbeing. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 263–273. doi:10.1037/a0027427.
Baham, M. E., Weimer, A. A., Braver, S. L., & Fabricius, W. V. (2008). Sibling relationships. In I. J. Pryor (Hrsg.), The international handbook of stepfamilies: Policy and practice in legal, research, and clinical environments (S. 175–207). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Bailey, J. M., Bobrow, D., Wolfe, M., & Mikach, S. (1995). Sexual orientation of adult sons of gay fathers. Developmental Psychology, 31, 124–129. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.124.
Bank, L., Patterson, G. R., & Reid, J. B. (1996). Negative sibling interaction patterns as predictors of later adjustment problems. In I. G. H. Brody (Hrsg.), Advances in applied developmental psychology. Sibling relationships: Their causes and consequences, (Bd. 10, S. 197–229). Westport, CT: Ablex.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x.
Barnes, J. C., Beaver, K. M., & Miller, J. M. (2010). Estimating the effect of gang membership on nonviolent and violent delinquency: A counterfactual analysis. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 437–451. doi:10.1002/ab.20359.
Bascoe, S. M., Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (2012). Beyond warmth and conflict: The developmental utility of a boundary conceptualization of sibling relationship processes. Child Development, 83, 2121–2138. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01817.x.
Bates, J. E., Marvinney, D., Kelly, T., Dodge, K. A., Bennett, D. S., & Pettit, G. S. (1994). Child care history and kindergarten adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 30, 690–700. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.5.690.
Bates, L., Luster, T., & Vandenbelt, M. (2003). Factors related to social competence in elementary school among children of adolescent mothers. Social Development, 12, 107–124. doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00224.
Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In A. D. Pick (Hrsg.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology (Bd. 7, S. 3–46). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Baumrind, D. (1991a). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56–95. doi:10.1177/0272431691111004.
Baumrind, D. (1991b). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In R. M. Lerner, A. C. Petersen, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Hrsg.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (S. 746–758). New York, NY: Garland.
Bauserman, R. (2002). Child adjustment in joint-custody versus sole custody arrangements: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 91–102. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.1.91.
Beach, S. R. H., Lei, M. K., Brody, G. H., Simons, R. L., Cutrona, C., & Philibert, R. A. (2012). Genetic moderation of contextual effects on negative arousal and parenting in African-American parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 46–55. doi:10.1037/a0026236.
Belsky, J. (1986). Infant day care: A cause for concern? Zero to Three, 7(1), 1–7.
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2012). Differential susceptibility to longterm effects of quality of child care on externalizing behavior in adolescence? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36, 2–10. doi:10.1177/0165025411406855.
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2013). Genetic moderation of early child-care effects on social functioning across childhood: A developmental analysis. Child Development, 84, 1209–1225. doi:10.1111/cdev.12058.
Belsky, J., Vandell, D. L., Burchinal, M., Clarke-Stewart, K. A., McCartney, K., & Owen, M. T. (2007). The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. Are there long-term effects of early childcare? Child Development, 78, 681–701.
Benner, A. D., & Kim, S. Y. (2010). Understanding Chinese American adolescents’ developmental outcomes: Insights from the family stressmodel. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 1–12. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795. 2009.00629.x.
Berger, L., Brooks-Gunn, J., Paxson, C., & Waldfogel, J. (2008). First year maternal employment and child outcomes: Differences across racial and ethnic groups. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 365–387. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.10.010.
Beyer, S. (1995). Maternal employment and children’s academic achievement: Parenting styles as mediating variable. Developmental Review, 15, 212–253. doi:10.1006/drev.1995.1009.
Biehle, S. N., & Mickelson, K. D. (2012). First-time parents’ expectations about the division of childcare and play. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 36–45. doi:10.1037/a0026608.
Block, J. H., Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827–840.
Bolger, K. E., & Scarr, S. (1995). Not so far from home: How family characteristics predict child care quality. Early Development and Parenting, 4, 103–112. doi:10.1002/edp.2430040303.
Bolkan, C., Sano, Y., De Costa, J., Acock, A. C., & Day, R. D. (2010). Early adolescents’ perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles and problem behavior. Marriage and Family Review, 46, 563–579. doi:10.1080/01494929.2010.543040.
Borge, A. I. H., Rutter, M., Côté, S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2004). Early childcare and physical aggression: Differentiating social selection and social causation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 367–376. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00227.x.
Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Hrsg.). (2003). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bornstein, M. H., & Putnick, D. L. (2012). Cognitive and socioemotional caregiving in developing countries. Child Development, 83, 46–61. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01673.x.
Bornstein, M. H., Cote, L. R., Haynes, O. M., Hahn, C.-S., & Park, Y. (2010). Parenting knowledge: Experiential and sociodemographic factors in European American mothers of young children. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1677–1693. doi:10.1037/a0020677.
Bos, H. M. W., & van Balen, F. (2008). Children in planned lesbian families: Stigmatisation, psychological adjustment and protective factors. Culture, Health, and Sexuality, 10, 221–236. doi:10.1080/13691050701601702.
Bozett, F. W. (Hrsg.). (1987). Gay and lesbian parents. New York, NY: Praeger.
Bramlett, M. D., & Mosher, W. D. (2002). Vital and health statistics: Series 22. Cohabitation, marriage, divorce, and remarriage in the United States. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Braver, S. L., Ellman, I. M., & Fabricius, W. V. (2003). Relocation of children after divorce and children’s best interests: New evidence and legal considerations. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 206–219. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.2.206.
Bray, J. H., & Berger, S. H. (1993). Developmental issues in Step Families Research Project: Family relationships and parent-child interactions. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 76–90. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.7.1.76.
Bretherton, I., & Page, T. F. (2004). Shared or conflicting working models? Relationships in postdivorce families seen through the eyes of mothers and their preschool children. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 551–575. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004663.
Brody, G. H., Ge, X., Kim, S. Y., Murry, V. M., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., & Conger, R. D. (2003). Neighborhood disadvantage moderates associations of parenting and older sibling problem attitudes and behavior with conduct disorders in African American children. Journal of Consultingand Clinical Psychology, 71, 211–222. doi:10.1037/0022-006X. 71.2.211.
Brody, G. H., Stoneman, Z., MacKinnon, C. E., & MacKinnon, R. (1985). Role relationships and behavior between preschool-aged and school-aged sibling pairs. Developmental Psychology, 21, 124–129. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.21.1.124.
Brody, G. H., Stoneman, Z., McCoy, J. K., & Forehand, R. (1992). Contemporaneous and longitudinal associations of sibling conflict with family relationship assessments and family discussions about sibling problems. Child Development, 63, 391–400. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01635.x.
Brooks-Gunn, J., Han, W.-J., & Waldfogel, J. (2010). First-year maternal employment and child development in the first 7 years: III. What distinguishes women who work full-time, part-time, or not at all in the1st year? Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 75(296), 35–49.
Brown, S. L., & Rinelli, L. N. (2010). Family structure, family processes, and adolescent smoking and drinking. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 259–273. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00636.x.
Buchanan, C. M., Maccoby, E. E., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Caught between parents: Adolescents’ experience in divorced homes. Child Development, 62, 1008–1029. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01586.x.
Buchanan, C. M., Maccoby, E. E., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1996). Adolescents after divorce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Buckner, J. C., Bassuk, E. L., Weinreb, L. F., & Brooks, M. G. (1999). Homelessness and its relation to the mental health and behavior of low income school-age children. Developmental Psychology, 35, 246–257. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.246.
Buehler, C., & O’Brien, M. (2011). Mothers’ part-time employment: Associations with mother and family well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 895–906. doi:10.1037/a0025993.
Buehler, C., Anthony, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Gerard, J., & Pemberton, S. (1997). Interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 233–247. doi:10.1023/A:1025006909538.
Bugental, D. B., & Johnston, C. (2000). Parental and child cognitions in the context of the family. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 315–344. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.315.
Bumpass, L. L., Martin, T. C., & Sweet, J. A. (1991). The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption. Journal of Family Issues, 12, 22–42. doi:10.1177/019251391012001003.
Burchinal, M. R., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2007). Maternal employment and child cognitive outcomes: The importance of analytic approach. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1140–1155. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1140.
Burt, S. A., Barnes, A. R., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1668–1677. doi:10.1037/a0013477.
Campos, J. J., Kermoian, R., & Zumbahlen, M. R. (1992). Socioemotional transformations in the family system following infant crawling onset. In N. Eisenberg, & R. A. Fabes (Hrsg.), New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development: No. 55. Emotion and its regulation in early development (S. 25–40). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Campos, J. J., Mumme, D. L., Kermoian, R., & Campos, R. G. (1994). A functionalist perspective on the nature of emotion. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2–3, Serial No. 240), 284–303.
Cardoso, J. B., Padilla, Y. C., & Sampson, M. (2010). Racial and ethnic variation in the predictors of maternal parenting stress. Journal of Social Service Research, 36, 429–444. doi:10.1080/01488376.2010.510948.
Chan, R. W., Brooks, R. C., Raboy, B., & Patterson, C. J. (1998a). Division of labor among lesbian and heterosexual parents: Associations with children’s adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 402–419. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.12.3.402.
Chan, R. W., Raboy, B., & Patterson, C. J. (1998b). Psychosocial adjustment among children conceived via donor insemination by lesbian and heterosexual mothers. Child Development, 69, 443–457. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06201.x.
Chang, L., Lansford, J. E., Schwartz, D., & Farver, J. M. (2004). Marital quality, maternal depressed affect, harsh parenting, and child externalising in Hong Kong Chinese families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 311–318. doi:10.1080/01650250344000523.
Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111–1119. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00806.x.
Chase-Lansdale, P. L., Cherlin, A. J., & Kiernan, K. E. (1995). The long-term effects of parental divorce on the mental health of young adults: A developmental perspective. Child Development, 66, 1614–1634. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00955.x.
Cheah, C. S. L., Leung, C. Y. Y., Tahseen, M., & Schultz, D. (2009). Authoritative parenting among immigrant Chinese mothers of preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 311–320. doi:10.1037/a0015076.
Chen, X., Dong, Q., & Zhou, H. (1997). Authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices and social and school performance in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21, 855–873. doi:10.1080/016502597384703.
Cherlin, A. J. (2010). Demographic trends in the United States: A review of research in the 2000s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 403–419. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00710.x.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (1982). Observation and experiment: Complementary strategies for studying day care and social development. In S. Kilmer (Hrsg.), Advances in early education and day care (Bd. 2, S. 227–250). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A., Vandell, D. L., McCartney, K., Owen, M. T., & Booth, C. (2000). Effects of parental separation and divorce on very young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 304–326. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.14.2.304.
Coldwell, J., Pike, A., & Dunn, J. (2008). Maternal differential treatment and child adjustment: A multi-informant approach. Social Development, 17, 596–612. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00440.x.
Coley, R. L., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (1998). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: Recent evidence and future directions. American Psychologist, 53, 152–166. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.152.
Coley, R. L., & Lombardi, C. M. (2013). Does maternal employment following childbirth support or inhibit low-income children’s long-term development? Child Development, 84, 178–197. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01840.x.
Coley, R. L., Votruba-Drzal, E., Miller, P. L., & Koury, A. (2013). Timing, extent, and type of child care and children’s behavioral functioning in kindergarten. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1859–1873. doi:10.1037/a0031251.
Collins, W. A., & Steinberg, L. (2006). Adolescent development. In W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Hrsg.), Social, emotional, and personality development 6. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 3, S. 1003–1067). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Coltrane, S. (1996). Family man: Fatherhood, housework, and gender equity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Compton, K., Snyder, J., Schrepferman, L., Bank, L., & Shortt, J. W. (2003). The contribution of parents and siblings to antisocial and depressive behavior in adolescents: A double jeopardy coercion model. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 163–182. doi:10.1017.S0954579403000099.
Conger, R. D., & Ge, X. (1999). Conflict and cohesion in parent-adolescent relations: Changes in emotional expression from early to midadolescence. In M. J. Cox, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Hrsg.), Conflict and cohesion infamilies: Causes and consequences (S. 185–206). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., & Martin, M. J. (2010). Socioeconomic status, family processes, and individual development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 685–704. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x.
Conger, R. D., Wallace, L. E., Sun, Y., Simons, R. L., McLoyd, V. C., & Brody, G. H. (2002). Economic pressure in African American families: A replication and extension of the family stress model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 179–193. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.179.
Consortium for Longitudinal Studies (1983). As the twig is bent: Lasting effects of preschool programs. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cook, W. L., Kenny, D. A., & Goldstein, M. J. (1991). Parental affective style risk and the family system: A social relations model analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 492–501. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.492.
Cooney, T. M., Pedersen, F. A., Indelicato, S., & Palkovitz, R. (1993). Timing of fatherhood: Is “on-time” optimal? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 205–215.
Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Helmbrecht, L. (1993). A descriptive empirical study of gay male stepfamilies. Family Relations, 42, 256–262.
Crosby, D. A., Dowsett, C. J., Gennetian, L. A., & Huston, A. C. (2010). A tale of two methods: Comparing regression and instrumental variables estimates of the effects of preschool child care type on the subsequent externalizing behavior of children in low-income families. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1030–1048. doi:10.1037/a0020384.
Crosnoe, R., Augustine, J. M., & Huston, A. C. (2012). Children’s early child care and their mothers’ later involvement with schools. Child Development, 83, 758–772. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01726.x.
Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (Hrsg.) (2003). Children’s influence on family dynamics: The neglected side of family relationships. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Culp, R. E., Appelbaum, M. I., Osofsky, J. D., & Levy, J. A. (1988). Adolescent and older mothers: Comparison between prenatal maternal variables and newborn interaction measures. Infant Behavior and Development, 11, 353–362. doi:10.1016/0163-6383(88)90019-7.
Cutrona, C. E., Hessling, R. M., Bacon, P. L., & Russell, D. W. (1998). Predictors and correlates of continuing involvement with the baby’s father among adolescent mothers. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 369–387. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.12.3.369.
Côté, S. M., Borge, A. I., Geoffroy, M.-C., Rutter, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2008). Nonmaternal care in infancy and emotional/behavioral difficulties at 4 years old: Moderation by family risk characteristics. Developmental Psychology, 44, 155–168. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.155.
Côté, S. M., Doyle, O., Petitclerc, A., & Timmins, L. (2013). Child care in infancy and cognitive performance until middle childhood in the Millennium Cohort Study. Child Development, 84, 1191–1208. doi:10.1111/cdev.12049.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487–496. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487.
Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 387–411. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387.
Davies, P. T., Cummings, E. M., & Winter, M. A. (2004). Pathways between profiles of family functioning, child security in the interparental subsystem, and child psychological problems. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 525–550. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004651.
Dearing, E. (2004). The developmental implications of restrictive and supportive parenting across neighborhoods and ethnicities: Exceptions are the rule. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 555–575. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.08.007.
Dearing, E., McCartney, K., & Taylor, B. A. (2009). Does higher quality early child care promote low-income children’s math and reading achievement in middle childhood? Child Development, 80, 1329–1349. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01336.x.
Deater-Deckard, K., Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Alampay, L. P., Sorbring, E., Bacchini, D., & Al-Hassan, S. M. (2011). The association between parental warmth and control in thirteen cultural group. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 790–794. doi:10.1037/a0025120.
DeGarmo, D. S. (2010). Coercive and prosocial fathering, antisocial personality, and growth in children’s postdivorce noncompliance. Child Development, 81, 503–516. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01410.x.
DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Smith, J. C. (2011). Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2009 (Current Population Reports) (S. P60–238). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Denissen, J. J. A., van Aken, M. A. G., & Dubas, J. S. (2009). It takes two to tango: How parents’ and adolescents’ personalities link to the quality of their mutual relationship. Developmental Psychology, 45, 928–941. doi:10.1037/a0016230.
Deutsch, F. M. (2006). Filial piety, patrilineality, and China’s one-childpolicy. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 366–389. doi:10.1177/0192513x05283097.
DiBiase, R., & Waddell, S. (1995). Some effects of homelessness on the psychological functioning of preschoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 783–792. doi:10.1007/BF01447477.
Diversi, M., Filho, N. M., & Morelli, M. (1999). Daily reality on the streets of Campinas. In M. Raffaelli, & R. W. Larson (Hrsg.), New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development Homeless and working youth around the world: Exploring developmental issues, (Bd. 85, S. 19–34). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Doan, S. N., Fuller-Rowell, T. E., & Evans, G. W. (2012). Cumulative risk and adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing problems: The mediating roles of maternal responsiveness and self-regulation. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1529–1539. doi:10.1037/a0027815.
Driscoll, A. K., Russell, S. T., & Crockett, L. J. (2008). Parenting styles and youth well-being across immigrant generations. Journal of Family Issues, 29, 185–209. doi:10.1177/0192513x07307843.
Dubas, J. S., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2002). Longitudinal changes in the time parents spend in activities with their adolescent children as a function of child age, pubertal status and gender. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 415–426. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.4.415.
Duckett, E., & Richards, M. (1995). Maternal employment and the quality of daily experience for young adolescents of single mothers. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 418–432. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.9.4.418.
Dunifon, R., Kalil, A., Crosby, D. A., & Su, J. H. (2013). Mothers’ nightwork and children’s behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 49(10), 1874–1885. doi:10.1037/a0031241.
Dunn, J. (1992). Siblings and development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 6–9. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10767741.
Dush, C. M. K., Kotila, L. E., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2011). Predictors of supportive coparenting after relationship dissolution among at-risk parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 356–365. doi:10.1037/a0023652.
Early Child Care Research Network (2002). Early childcare and children’s development prior to school entry: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. American Educational Research Journal, 39, 133–164.
East, P. L., & Jacobson, L. J. (2001). The younger siblings of teenage mothers: A follow-up of their pregnancy risk. Developmental Psychology, 37, 254–264. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.2.254.
East, P. L., Felice, M. E., & Morgan, M. C. (1993). Sisters’ and girlfriends’ sexual and childbearing behavior: Effects on early adolescent girls’ sexual outcomes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 953–963.
Edwards, G. D., Bangert, A. W., Cooch, G., Shinfuku, N., Chen, T., Bi, Y., & Rappe, P. (2005). The impact of sibling status on Chinese college students’ quality of life. Social Behavior and Personality, 33, 227–242.
Eisenberg, N., Chang, L., Ma, Y., & Huang, X. (2009a). Relations of parentingstyle to Chinese children’s effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 455–477. doi:10.1017/S095457940900025X.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999a). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children’s social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.
Eisenberg, N., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A., & Carlo, G. (1999b). Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 70, 1360–1372. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00100.
Eisenberg, N., Hofer, C., Spinrad, T. L., Gershoff, E. T., Valiente, C., Losoya, S. H., & Maxon, E. (2008). Understanding mother-adolescent conflict discussions: Concurrent and across-time prediction from youths’ dispositions and parentin. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 73(2, Serial No. 290). doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2008.00470.x.
Eisenberg, N., Sallquist, J., French, D. C., Purwono, U., Suryanti, T. A., & Pidada, S. (2009b). The relations of majority-minority group status and having an other-religion friend to Indonesian youths’ socioemotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 45, 248–259. doi:10.1037/a0014028.
Ekéus, C., Christensson, K., & Hjern, A. (2004). Unintentional and violent injuries among pre-school children of teenage mothers in Sweden: A national cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, 680–685. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.015255.
El-Sheikh, M., & Elmore-Staton, L. (2004). The link between marital conflict and child adjustment: Parent-child conflict and perceived attachments as mediators, potentiators, and mitigators of risk. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 631–648. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004705.
Ellis, B. J., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Pettit, G. S., & Woodward, L. (2003). Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy? Child Development, 74, 801–821. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00569.
Emery, R. E., & Forehand, R. (1996). Parental divorce and children’s well-being: A focus on resilience. In R. J. Haggerty, L. R. Sherrod, N. Garmezy, & M. Rutter (Hrsg.), Stress, risk, and resilience in children and adolescents: Processes, mechanisms, and interventions (S. 64–99). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Emery, R. E., Waldron, M., Kitzmann, K. M., & Aaron, J. (1999). Delinquent behavior, future divorce or nonmarital childbearing, and externalizing behavior among offspring: A 14-year prospective study. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 568–579. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.13.4.568.
Erel, O., Margolin, G., & John, R. S. (1998). Observed sibling interaction: Links with the marital and the mother-child relationship. Developmental Psychology, 34, 288–298. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.288.
Erel, O., Oberman, Y., & Yirmiya, N. (2000). Maternal versus nonmaternal care and seven domains of children’s development. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 727–747. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.727.
Fabricius, W. V., & Braver, S. L. (2006). Relocation, parent conflict, and domestic violence: Independent risk factors for children of divorce. Journal of Child Custody, 3, 7–27. doi:10.1300/j190v03n03_02.
Fagan, J., & Lee, Y. (2010). Perceptions and satisfaction with father involvement and adolescent mothers’ postpartum depressive symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1109–1121. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9444-6.
Fagan, J., Bernd, E., & Whiteman, V. (2007). Adolescent fathers’ parenting stress, social support, and involvement with infants. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 1–22. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00510.x.
Fagot, B. I., Pears, K. C., Capaldi, D. M., Crosby, L., & Leve, C. S. (1998). Becoming an adolescent father: Precursors and parenting. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1209–1219. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1209.
Falbo, T., & Polit, D. F. (1986). Quantitative review of the only child literature: Research evidence and theory development. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 176–189. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.100.2.176.
Falbo, T., & Poston, D. L. (1993). The academic, personality, and physical outcomes of only children in China. Child Development, 64, 18–35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02893.x.
Falbo, T., Poston, D. L., Ji, G., Jiao, S., Jing, Q., & Liu, Y. (1989). Physical, achievement and personality characteristics of Chinese children. Journal of Biosocial Science, 21, 483–496. doi:10.1017/S0021932000018228.
Falci, C. (2006). Family structure, closeness to residential and nonresidentialparents, and psychological distress in early and middle adolescence. Sociological Quarterly, 47, 123–146. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2006.00040.x.
Farr, R. H., & Patterson, C. J. (2013). Coparenting among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual couples: Associations with adopted children’s outcomes. Child Development, 84, 1226–1240. doi:10.1111/cdev.12046.
Farr, R. H., Forssell, S. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2010). Parenting and child development in adoptive families: Does parental sexual orientation matter? Applied Developmental Science, 14, 164–178. doi:10.1080/10888691.2010.500958.
Feinberg, M., & Hetherington, E. M. (2001). Differential parenting as a within-family variable. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 22–37. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.15.1.22.
Feldman, R., & Masalha, S. (2007). The role of culture in moderating the links between early ecological risk and young children’s adaptation. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 1–21. doi:10.1017/S0954579407070010.
Freitas, G. V. S., Cais, C. F. S., Stefanello, S., & Botega, N. J. (2008). Psychosocial conditions and suicidal behavior in pregnant teenagers. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 336–342. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0668-2.
Frosch, C. A., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & McHale, J. L. (2000). Marital behavior and the security of preschooler-parent attachment relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(144), 144–161. doi:10.1037/0893-3200..
Fulcher, M., Sutfin, E. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2008). Individual differences in gender development: Associations with parental sexual orientation, attitudes, and division of labor. Sex Roles, 58, 330–341. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9348-4.
Fuligni, A. J. (1998). Authority, autonomy, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: A study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 34, 782–792. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.782.
Fuligni, A. J., & Zhang, W. (2004). Attitudes toward family obligation among adolescents in contemporary urban and rural China. Child Development, 75, 180–192. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00662.x.
Furstenberg, F. F., & Harris, K. M. (1993). When and why fathers matter: Impacts of father involvement on the children of adolescent mothers. In R. I. Lerman, & T. J. Oom (Hrsg.), Young unwed fathers: Changing roles and emerging policies (S. 117–138). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental child rearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 962–976. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00424.x.
Gamble, W. C., Yu, J. J., & Kuehn, E. D. (2011). Adolescent sibling relationship quality and adjustment: Sibling trust worthiness and modeling, as factors directly and indirectly influencing these associations. Social Development, 20, 605–623. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00591.x.
Ganiban, J. M., Ulbricht, J., Saudino, K. J., Reiss, D., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2011). Understanding child-based effects on parenting: Temperament as a moderator of genetic and environmental contributions to parenting. Developmental Psychology, 47, 676–692.
Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Adkins, D., Vernon-Feagans, L., Cox, M., & The Family Life Project Key Investigators (2008). Early environmental correlates of maternal emotion talk. Parenting, Science and Practic, 8, 117–152. doi:10.1080/15295190802058900.
Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Zerwas, S., Cox, M., Vernon-Feagans, L., & The Family Life Project Key Investigators (2011). Fathers’ early emotion talk: Associations with income, ethnicity, and family factors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 335–353. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00810.x.
Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. (2010). US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: Psychological adjustment of 17-year-old adolescents. Pediatrics, 126, 28–36. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3153.
Gass, K., Jenkins, J., & Dunn, J. (2007). Are sibling relationships protective? A longitudinal study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 167–175. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01699.x.
Ge, X., Natsuaki, M. N., & Conger, R. D. (2006). Trajectories of depressive symptoms and stressful life events among male and female adolescents in divorced and nondivorced families. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 253–273. doi:10.1017/S0954579406060147.
Gibson-Davis, C. M., & Gassman-Pines, A. (2010). Early childhood family structure and mother-child interactions: Variation by race and ethnicity. Developmental Psychology, 46, 151–164. doi:10.1037/a0017410.
Golish, T. D. (2003). Stepfamily communication strengths. Human Communication Research, 29, 41–80. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2003.tb00831.x.
Golombok, S., Perry, B., Burston, A., Murray, C., Mooney-Somers, J., Stevens, M., & Golding, J. (2003). Children with lesbian parents: A community study. Developmental Psychology, 39, 20–33. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.20.
Golombok, S., Spencer, A., & Rutter, M. (1983). Children in lesbian and single-parent households: Psychosexual and psychiatric appraisal. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 551–572. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00132.x.
Goodwin, P., McGill, B., & Chandra, A. (2009). Who marries and when? Age at first marriage in the United States: 2002. Hyattville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Gosselin, J., & David, H. (2007). Risk and resilience factors linked with the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents, stepparents and biological parents. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 48, 29–53. doi:10.1300/j087v48n01_02.
Gottfried, A. E., Gottfried, A. W., & Bathurst, K. (2002). Maternal and dual-earner employment status and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Handbook of parenting: Biology and ecology of parenting (2. Aufl. S. 207–229). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gove, W. R., & Zeiss, C. (1987). Multiple roles and happiness. In F. J. Crosby (Hrsg.), Spouse, parent, worker: On gender and multiple roles (S. 125–137). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Grall, T. S. (2011). Custodial mothers and fathers and their child support: 2009. Current Population Reports. http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60–240.pdf (Erstellt: )
Grusec, J. E., Goodnow, J. J., & Kuczynski, L. (2000). New directions in analyses of parenting contributions to children’s acquisition of values. Child Development, 71, 205–211. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00135.
Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1997). Children’s adaptation to divorce: From description to explanation. In S. A. Wolchik, & I. N. Sandler (Hrsg.), Handbook of children’s coping: Linking theory and intervention (S. 159–193). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Grych, J. H., Harold, G. T., & Miles, C. J. (2003). A prospective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Child Development, 74, 1176–1193. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00600.
Grych, J. H., Raynor, S. R., & Fosco, G. M. (2004). Family processes that shape the impact of interparental conflict on adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 649–665. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004717.
Gunnoe, M. L., & Hetherington, E. M. (2004). Stepchildren’s perceptions of noncustodial mothers and noncustodial fathers: Differences in socioemotional involvement and associations with adolescent adjustment problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 555–563. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.555.
Göncü, A., Mistry, J., & Mosier, C. (2000). Cultural variations in the play of toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 321–329. doi:10.1080/01650250050118303.
Hakvoort, E. M., Bos, H. M. W., Van Balen, F., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2011). Postdivorce relationships in families and children’s psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 52, 125–146. doi:10.1080/10502556.2011.546243.
Halpern-Meekin, S., & Tach, L. (2008). Heterogeneity in two-parent families and adolescent well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 435–451. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00492.x.
Han, W.-J., Miller, D. P., & Waldfogel, J. (2010). Parental work schedules and adolescent risky behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1245–1267. doi:10.1037/a0020178.
Harden, K. P., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R. E., D’Onofrio, B. M., Slutske, W. S., Heath, A. C., & Martin, N. G. (2007). Marital conflict and conduct problems in Children of Twins. Child Development, 78, 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00982.x.
Hardy, J. B., Astone, N. M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Shapiro, S., & Miller, T. L. (1998). Like mother, like child: Intergenerational patterns of age at first birth and associations with childhood and adolescent characteristics and adult outcomes in the second generation. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1220–1232. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1220.
Harold, G. T., & Conger, R. D. (1997). Marital conflict and adolescent distress: The role of adolescent awareness. Child Development, 68, 333–350. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01943.x.
Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Hartman, L. R., Magalhães, L., & Mandich, A. (2011). What does parental divorce or marital separation mean for adolescents? A scoping review of North American literature. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 52, 490–518. doi:10.1080/10502556.2011.609432.
Harvey, E. (1999). Short-term and long-term effects of early parental employment on children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Developmental Psychology, 35, 445–459. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.445.
Haskins, R. (1985). Public school aggression among children with varying day-care experience. Child Development, 56, 689–703.
Hawkins, D. N., Amato, P. R., & King, V. (2007). Nonresident father involvement and adolescent well-being: Father effects or child effects? American Sociological Review, 72, 990–1010. doi:10.1177/000312240707200607.
Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2013). Child health USA 2012. Retrieved from. http://mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa12/pc/pc.html
Hernandez, D. J., & Myers, D. E. (1993). America’s children: Resources from family, government, and the economy. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Hesketh, T., & Ding, Q. J. (2005). Anxiety and depression in adolescents in urban and rural China. Psychological Reports, 96(2), 435–444. doi:10.2466/pr0.96.2.435-444.
Hesketh, T., Zheng, Y., Jun, Y. X., Xing, Z. W., Dong, Z. X., & Lu, L. (2011). Behaviour problems in Chinese primary school children. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46, 733–741. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0240-0.
Hetherington, E. M. (1989). Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers, and survivors. Child Development, 60, 1–14.
Hetherington, E. M. (1993). An overview of the Virginia Longitudinal Study of Divorce and Remarriage with a focus on early adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 39–56. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.7.1.39.
Hetherington, E. M. (1999). Social capital and the development of youth from nondivorced, divorced and remarried families. In W. A. C. B. Laursen (Hrsg.), Relationships as developmental contexts Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, (Bd. 30, S. 177–209). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hetherington, E. M., & Clingempeel, W. G. (1992). Coping with marital transitions: A family systems perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57(2–3, Serial No. 227), i–238. doi:10.2307/1166050.
Hetherington, E. M., & Stanley-Hagan, M. (2002). Parenting in divorced and remarried families. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Being and becoming a parent 2. Aufl. Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 3, S. 287–315). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Hetherington, E. M., & Stanley-Hagan, M. M. (1995). Parenting in divorced and remarried families. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Status and social conditions of parenting Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 3, S. 233–254). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hetherington, E. M., Bridges, M., & Insabella, G. M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children’s adjustment. American Psychologist, 53, 167–184. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.167.
Hetherington, E. M., Henderson, S. H., Reiss, D., Anderson, E. R., Anderson, E. R., Anderson, E. R., Anderson, E. R., Bridges, M., Chan, R. W., Insabella, G. M., Jodl, K. M., Mitchell, A. S., O’Connor, T. G., Skaggs, M. J., & Taylor, L. C. (1999). Adolescent siblings in stepfamilies: Family functioning and adolescent adjustment, with commentary by James H. Bray. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64(4, Serial No. 259), i–209.
Hetherington, E. M., Stanley-Hagan, M., & Anderson, E. R. (1989). Marital transitions: A child’s perspective. American Psychologist, 44, 303–312. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.303.
Hill, J. P. (1988). Adapting to menarche: Familial control and conflict. In M. R. Gunnar, & W. A. Collins (Hrsg.), Development during the transition to adolescence Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, (Bd. 21, S. 43–77). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hill, N. E., Bush, K. R., & Roosa, M. W. (2003). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children’s mental health: Low-income Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children. Child Development, 74, 189–204. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00530.
Hill, S. A., & Sprague, J. (1999). Parenting in black and white families: The interaction of gender with race and class. Gender and Society, 13, 480–502. doi:10.1177/089124399013004004.
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Gerris, J. R. M., & van der Laan, P. H. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 813–827. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004.
Hoff, E., Laursen, B., & Tardif, T. (2002). Socioeconomic status and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Biology and ecology of parenting 2. Aufl. Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 2, S. 231–252). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hoff-Ginsberg, E., & Tardif, T. (1995). Socioeconomic status and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Biology and ecology of parenting Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 2, S. 161–188). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hoffman, L. W. (1984). Work, family, and the socialization of the child. In R. D. Parke (Hrsg.), Review of child development research (Bd. 7, S. 223–282). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Hoffman, L. W. (1989). Effects of maternal employment in the two-parent family. American Psychologist, 44, 283–292. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.283.
Hoffman, L. W., Youngblade, L. M., Coley, R. L., Fuligni, A. S., & Kovacs, D. D. (1999). Mothers at work: effects on children’s well-being. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hoffman, M. L. (1983). Affective and cognitive processes in moral internalization. In I. E. T. Higgins, D. N. Ruble, & W. W. Hartup (Hrsg.), Social cognition and social development: A sociocultural perspective (S. 236–274). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Howe, N., Aquan-Assee, J., & Bukowski, W. M. (2001). Predicting sibling relations over time: Synchrony between maternal management styles and sibling relationship quality. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 47, 121–141.
Huston, A. C., & Aronson, S. R. (2005). Mothers’ time with infant and time in employment as predictors of mother-child relationships and children’s early development. Child Development, 76, 467–482. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00857.x.
Hwang, C. P. (1987). The changing role of Swedish fathers. In M. E. Lamb (Hrsg.), The father’s role: Cross-cultural perspectives (S. 115–138). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Ingoldsby, E. M., Shaw, D. S., & Garcia, M. M. (2001). Intrafamily conflict in relation to boys’ adjustment at school. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 35–52.
Ispa, J. M., Fine, M. A., Halgunseth, L. C., Harper, S., Robinson, J., Boyce, L., & Brady-Smith, C. (2004). Maternal intrusiveness, maternal warmth, and mother-toddler relationship outcomes: Variations across low-income ethnic and acculturation groups. Child Development, 75, 1613–1631. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00806.x.
Jaffee, S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, J., & Silva, P. (2001). Why are children born to teen mothers at risk for adverse outcomes in young adulthood? Results from a 20-year longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 377–397.
Jaffee, S. R. (2002). Pathways to adversity in young adulthood among early childbearers. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 38–49. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.16.1.38.
Jahromi, L. B., Umana-Taylor, A. J., Updegraff, K. A., & Lara, E. E. (2012). Birth characteristics and developmental outcomes of infants of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers: Risk and promotive factors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36, 146–156. doi:10.1177/0165025411430777.
Jenkins, J. (1992). Sibling relationships in disharmonious homes: Potential difficulties and protective effects. In F. Boer, & J. Dunn (Hrsg.), Children’s sibling relationships: Developmental and clinical issues (S. 125–138). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Jiao, S., Ji, G., & Jing, Q. (1986). Comparative study of behavioral qualities of only children and sibling children. Child Development, 57, 357–361.
Jiao, S., Ji, G., & Jing, Q. (1996). Cognitive development of Chinese urban only children and children with siblings. Child Development, 67, 387–395. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01740.x.
Jocklin, V., McGue, M., & Lykken, D. T. (1996). Personality and divorce: A genetic analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 288–299. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.288.
Johnson, J., & Martin, C. (1985). Parents’ beliefs and home learning environments: Effects on cognitive development. In I. E. Sigel (Hrsg.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (S. 25–49). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Julian, T. W., McKenry, P. C., & McKelvey, M. W. (1994). Cultural variations in parenting: Perceptions of Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American parents. Family Relations, 43, 30–37.
Kalil, A., & Ziol-Guest, K. M. (2005). Single mothers’ employment dynamics and adolescent well-being. Child Development, 76, 196–211. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00839.x.
Katz, L. F., & Low, S. M. (2004). Marital violence, co-parenting, and family-level processes in relation to children’s adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 372–382. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.2.372.
Kelley, M. L., Sanchez-Hucles, J., & Walker, R. R. (1993). Correlates of disciplinary practices in working-to middle-class African-American mothers. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 39, 252–264.
Kennedy, S., & Bumpass, L. (2008). Cohabitation and children’s living arrangements: New estimates from the United States. Demographic Research, 19, 1663–1692. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.47.
Kenyon, D. B., & Koerner, S. S. (2008). Post-divorce maternal disclosure and the father-adolescent relationship: Adolescent emotional autonomy and inter-reactivity as moderators. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17, 791–808. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9190-5.
Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Özdemir, M. (2012). Perceived parenting style and adolescent adjustment: Revisiting directions of effects and the role of parental knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1540–1553. doi:10.1037/a0027720.
Keys, T. D., Farkas, G., Burchinal, M. R., Duncan, G. J., Vandell, D. L., Li, W., & Howes, C. (2013). Preschool center quality and school readiness: Quality effects and variation by demographic and child characteristics. Child Development, C(84), 1171–1190. doi:10.1111/cdev.12048.
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Bush, N. R. (2011a). Temperament variation in sensitivity to parenting: Predicting changes in depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 1199–1212.
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011b). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 251–301. doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0093-4.
Kim, J.-Y., McHale, S. M., Osgood, W. D., & Crouter, A. C. (2006). Longitudinal course and family correlates of sibling relationships from childhood through adolescence. Child Development, 77, 1746–1761. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00971.x.
King, V. (2007). When children have two mothers: Relationships with nonresident mothers, stepmothers, and fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 1178–1193. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00440.x.
King, V. (2009). Stepfamily formation: Implications for adolescent ties to mothers, nonresident fathers, and stepfathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 954–968. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00646.x.
Kohen, D. E., Leventhal, T., Dahinten, V. S., & McIntosh, C. N. (2008). Neighborhood disadvantage: Pathways of effects for young children. Child Development, 79, 156–169. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01117.x.
Kowal, A., & Kramer, L. (1997). Children’s understanding of parental differential treatment. Child Development, 68, 113–126. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01929.x.
Kowal, A. K., Krull, J. L., & Kramer, L. (2004). How the differential treatment of siblings is linked with parent-child relationship quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(658), 658–665. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18..
Krack-Roberg, E. (2011). Ehescheidungen 2009. Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/WirtschaftStatistik/Bevoelkerung/Ehescheidungen2009_32011.html
Kreider, R. M., & Elliott, D. B. (2010). Historical changes in stay at-home mothers: 1969 to 2009. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association 2010 annual meetings. Atlanta, GA.
Kreider, R. M., & Ellis, R. (2011). Living arrangements of children: 2009: Household economic studies. Current Population Reports. http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p70–126.pdf (Erstellt: June)
Kuppens, S., Laurent, L., Heyvaert, M., & Onghena, P. (2013). Associations between parental psychological control and relational aggression in children and adolescents: A multilevel and sequential meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1697–1712. doi:10.1037/a0030740.
Kurdek, L. A. (1993). Predicting marital dissolution: A 5-year prospective longitudinal study of newly wed couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 221–242. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.221.
Kurdek, L. A., & Fine, M. A. (1993). Parent and nonparent residential family members as providers of warmth and supervision to young adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 245–249. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.245.
Lam, C. B., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2012). Parent-child shared time from middle childhood to late adolescence: Developmental course and adjustment correlates. Child Development, 83, 2089–2103. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01826.x.
Lamb, M. E. (1998). Nonparental child care: Context, quality, correlates, and consequences. In W. Damon, K. A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Hrsg.), Child psychology in practice 5. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 4, S. 135–210). New York, NY: Wiley.
Lamb, M. E., & Ketterlinus, R. D. (1991). Parental behavior, adolescence. In R. M. Lerner, A. C. Petersen, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Hrsg.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (S. 735–738). New York, NY: Garland.
Lamb, M. E., & Teti, D. M. (1991). Parenthood and marriage in adolescence: Associations with educational and occupational attainment. In R. M. Lerner, A. C. Petersen, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Hrsg.), Encyclopedia of adolescence (Bd. 2, S. 742–745). New York, NY: Garland.
Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Steinberg, L. (1996). Ethnicity and community context as moderators of the relations between family decision making and adolescent adjustment. Child Development, 67, 283–301. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01734.x.
Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049–1065. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01588.x.
Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta–analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390.
Langlois, J. H., Ritter, J. M., Casey, R. J., & Sawin, D. B. (1995). Infant attractiveness predicts maternal behaviors and attitudes. Developmental Psychology, 31, 464–472. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.3.464.
Lansford, J. E., Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2004). Ethnic differences in the link between physical discipline and later adolescent externalizing behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 801–812. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00273.x.
Larson, R., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: Changing developmental contexts. Child Development, 62, 284–300. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01531.x.
Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (1994). Interpersonal conflict during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 197–209. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.197.
Laursen, B., Coy, K. C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 69, 817–832.
Laursen, B., DeLay, D., & Adams, R. E. (2010). Trajectories of perceived support in mother-adolescent relationships: The poor (quality) get poorer. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1792–1798. doi:10.1037/a0020679.
LeVine, R. A. (1988). Human parental care: Universal goals, cultural strategies, individual behavior. In R. A. LeVine, P. M. Miller, & M. M. West (Hrsg.), Parental behavior in diverse societies New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, (Bd. 40, S. 3–12). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
LeVine, R. A., Dixon, S., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Keefer, C. H., Leiderman, P. H., & Brazelton, T. B. (1994). Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, C.-Y. S., Lee, J., & August, G. J. (2011). Financial stress, parental depressive symptoms, parenting practices, and children’s externalizing problem behaviors: Underlying processes. Family Relations, 60, 476–490. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00656.x.
Leidy, M. S., Guerra, N. G., & Toro, R. I. (2010). Positive parenting, family cohesion, and child social competence among immigrant Latino families. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 252–260. doi:10.1037/a0019407.
Li, Y., Putallaz, M., & Su, Y. (2011). Interparental conflict styles and parenting behaviors: Associations with overt and relational aggression among Chinese children. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 57, 402–428.
Lichter, D. T., & Landale, N. S. (1995). Parental work, family structure, and poverty among Latino children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 346–354.
Lindahl, K. M., Malik, N. M., Kaczynski, K., & Simons, J. S. (2004). Couple power dynamics, systemic family functioning, and child adjustment: A test of a mediational model in a multiethnic sample. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 609–630.
von der Lippe, A. L. (1999). The impact of maternal schooling and occupation on child-rearing attitudes and behaviours in low income neighbourhoods in Cairo, Egypt. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 23, 703–729. doi:10.1080/016502599383766.
Love, J. M., Harrison, L., Sagi-Schwartz, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Ross, C., & Ungerer, J. A. (2003). Child care quality matters: How conclusions may vary with context. Child Development, 74, 1021–1033. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00584.
Low, S., Shortt, J. W., & Snyder, J. (2012). Sibling influences on adolescent substance use: The role of modeling, collusion, and conflict. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 287–300. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000836.
Luster, T., Rhoades, K., & Haas, B. (1989). The relation between parental values and parenting behavior: A test of the Kohn hypothesis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 139–147.
MacPhee, D., Fritz, J., & Miller-Heyl, J. (1996). Ethnic variations in personal social networks and parenting. Child Development, 67, 3278–3295. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01914.x.
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen, & E. M. Hetherington (Hrsg.), Socialization, personality, and social development 4. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 4, S. 1–101). New York, NY: Wiley.
Maccoby, E. E., Buchanan, C. M., Mnookin, R. H., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1993). Post divorce roles of mothers and fathers in the lives of their children. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 24–38. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.7.1.24.
Magnuson, K., & Berger, L. M. (2009). Family structure states and transitions: Associations with children’s well-being during middle childhood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 575–591. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00620.x.
Malone, P. S., Lansford, J. E., Castellino, D. R., Berlin, L. J., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2004). Divorce and child behavior problems: Applying latent change score models to life event data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, 401–423. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1103_6.
Marceau, K., Horwitz, B. N., Narusyte, J., Ganiban, J. M., Spotts, E. L., Reiss, D., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2013). Gene-environment correlation underlying the association between parental negativity and adolescent externalizing problems. Child Development, 84(6), 2031–2046. doi:10.1111/cdev.12094.
Margolin, G., Gordis, E. B., & John, R. S. (2001). Coparenting: A link between marital conflict and parenting in two-parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 3–21. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.15.1.3.
Marsiglio, W., Amato, P., Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Scholarship on fatherhood in the 1990s and beyond. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 1173–1191. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01173.x.
Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Ventura, S. A., Osterman, M. J. K., Wilson, E. C., & Mathews, T. J. (2012). Births: Final data for 2010. National Vital Statistics Reports, 61(1).
Martin, M. J., Conger, R. D., Schofield, T. J., Dogan, S. J., Widaman, K. F., Donnellan, M. B., & Neppl, T. K. (2010). Evaluation of the interactionist model of socioeconomic status and problem behavior: A developmental cascade across generations. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 695–713. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000374.
Masten, A. S., & Sesma, A. (1999). Risk and resilience among children homeless in Minneapolis. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs Reporter, 29(1), 1–6.
Masten, A. S., Sesma, A., Si-Asar, R., Lawrence, C., Millotis, D., & Dionne, J. A. (1997). Educational risks for children experiencing homelessnes. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 27–46. doi:10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00032-5.
McCartney, K., Burchinal, M., Clarke-Stewart, A., Bub, K. L., Owen, M. T., & Belsky, J. (2010). Testing a series of causal propositions relating time in child care to children’s externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1–17. doi:10.1037/a0017886.
McClain, D. B., Wolchik, S. A., Winslow, E., Tein, J.-Y., Sandler, I. N., & Millsap, R. E. (2010). Developmental cascade effects of the New Beginnings Program on adolescent adaptation outcomes. Developement and Psychopathology, 22, 771–784. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000453.
McConnell, D., Breitkreuz, R., & Savage, A. (2011). From financial hardship to child difficulties: Main and moderating effects of perceived social support. Child Care, Health and Development, 37, 679–691. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01185.x.
McGuire, S., McHale, S. M., & Updegraff, K. (1996). Children’s perceptions of the sibling relationship in middle childhood: Connections within and between family relationships. Personal Relationships, 3, 229–239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00114.x.
McHale, J. P., Kazali, C., Rotman, T., Talbot, J., Carleton, M., & Lieberson, R. (2004). The transition to coparenthood: Parents’ prebirth expectations and early coparental adjustment at 3 months postpartum. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 711–733. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004742.
McHale, S. M., Bissell, J., & Kim, J.-Y. (2009). Sibling relationship, family, and genetic factors in sibling similarity in sexual risk. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 562–572. doi:10.1037/a0014982.
McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., McGuire, S. A., & Updegraff, K. A. (1995). Congruence between mothers’ and fathers’ differential treatment of siblings: Links with family relations and children’s well-being. Child Development, 66, 116–128. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00859.x.
McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Jackson-Newsom, J., & Tucker, C. J. (2000). When does parents’ differential treatment have negative implications for siblings? Social Developement, 9, 149–172. doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00117.
McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Shanahan, L., Crouter, A. C., & Killoren, S. E. (2005). Siblings’ differential treatment in Mexican American families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 1259–1274. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00215.x.
McHale, S. M., Whiteman, S. D., Kim, J.-Y., & Crouter, A. C. (2007). Characteristics and correlates of sibling relationships in two-parent African American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 227–235. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.227.
McLoyd, V. C. (1998). Children in poverty: Development, public policy, and practice. In W. Damon, E. Sigel, & K. A. Renninger (Hrsg.), Child psychology in practice 5. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 4, S. 135–210). New York, NY: Wiley.
McLoyd, V. C., Kaplan, R., Hardaway, C. R., & Wood, D. (2007). Does endorsement of physical discipline matter? Assessing moderating influences on the maternal and child psychological correlates of physical discipline in African American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 165–175. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.165.
Menaghan, E. G., & Parcel, T. L. (1995). Social sources of change in children’s home environments: The effects of parental occupational experiences and family conditions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 69–84.
Meunier, J. C., Boyle, M., O’Connor, T. G., & Jenkins, J. M. (2013). Multilevel mediation: Cumulative contextual risk, maternal differential treatment, and children’s behavior within families. Child Development, 84, 1594–1615. doi:10.1111/cdev.12066.
Miliotis, D., Sesma, A., & Masten, A. S. (1999). Parenting as a protective process for school success in children from homeless families. Early Education and Development, 10, 111–133. doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1002_2.
Miller, B. C., Benson, B., & Galbraith, K. A. (2001). Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental Review, 21, 1–38. doi:10.1006/drev.2000.0513.
Miller, C. L., Miceli, P. J., Whitman, T. L., & Borkowski, J. G. (1996). Cognitive readiness to parent and intellectual-emotional development in children of adolescent mothers. Developmental Psychology, 32, 533–541. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.3.533.
Miller-Johnson, S., Winn, D.-M. C., Coie, J. D., Malone, P. S., & Lochman, J. (2004). Risk factors for adolescent pregnancy reports among African American males. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 471–495. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2004.00083.x.
Moon, M., & Hoffman, C. D. (2008). Mothers’ and fathers’ differential expectancies and behaviors: Parent 3 child gender effects. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 169, 261–280. doi:10.3200/GNTP.169.3.261-280.
Moore, D. R., & Florsheim, P. (2001). Interpersonal processes and psychopathology among expectant and nonexpectant adolescent couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 101–113. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.101.
Moore, K. A., Manlove, J., Glei, D. A., & Morrison, D. R. (1998). Nonmarital school-age motherhood: Family, individual, and school characteristics. Journal of Adolescent Research, 13, 433–457. doi:10.1177/0743554898134004.
Moore, M. R., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002). Adolescent parenthood. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Being and becoming a parent 2. Aufl. Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 3, S. 173–214). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Morgan, J., Shaw, D., & Olino, T. (2012). Differential susceptibility effects: The interaction of negative emotionality and sibling relationship quality on childhood internalizing problems and social skills. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 885–899. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9618-7.
Morrissey, T. W., Dunifon, R. E., & Kalil, A. (2009). Maternal employment, work schedules, and children’s body mass index. Child Development, 82, 66–81. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01541.x.
Muller, C. (1995). Maternal employment, parent involvement, and mathematics achievement among adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 85–100.
Mustonen, U., Huurre, T., Kiviruusu, O., Haukkala, A., & Aro, H. (2011). Long-term impact of parental divorce on intimate relationship quality in adulthood and the mediating role of psychosocial resources. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 615–619. doi:10.1037/a0023996.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (1997a). The effects of infant child care on infant-mother attachment security: Results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 68, 860–879. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01967.x.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (1997b). Familial factors associated with the characteristics of nonmaternal care for infants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 389–408.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (1998a). Early child care and self-control, compliance, and problem behavior at twenty-four and thirty-six months. Child Development, 69, 1145–1170.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (1998b). When child care classrooms meet recommended guidelines for quality. Paper presented at the meeting, ″Child Care in the New Policy Context″ Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2000a). Factors associated with fathers’ caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 200–219.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2003). Social functioning in first grade: Associations with earlier home and child care predictors and with current classroom experiences. Child Development, 74, 1639–1662.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2006). Child-care effect sizes for the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. American Psychologist, 61, 99–116. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.2.99.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2000b). The relation of child care to cognitive and language development. Child Development, 71, 960–980.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, & Duncan, G. J. (2003). Modeling the impacts of child care quality on children’s preschool cognitive development. Child Development, 74, 1454–1475. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00617.
Narusyte, J., Neiderhiser, J. M., D’Onofrio, B. M., Reiss, D., Spotts, E. L., Ganiban, J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2008). Testing different types of genotype-environment correlation: An extended children-of-twins model. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1591–1603. doi:10.1037/a0013911.
National Association for the Education of Young Children (1986). Good teaching practices for 4- and 5-year olds: A position statement of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty (2012). Homelessness & poverty. http://www.nlchp.org/hapia.cfm
Natsuaki, M. N., Ge, X., Reiss, D., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2009). Aggressive behavior between siblings and the development of externalizing problems: Evidence from a genetically sensitive study. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1009–1018. doi:10.1037/a0015698.
Neiderhiser, J. M., Reiss, D., Pedersen, N. L., Lichtenstein, P., Spotts, E. L., & Hansson, K. (2004). Genetic and environmental influences on mothering of adolescents: A comparison of two samples. Developmental Psychology, 40, 335–351. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.335.
Nelson, H. D., Nygren, P., Walker, M., & Panoscha, R. (2006). Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: Systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics, 117, e298–319. doi:0.1542/peds.2005-1467.
Neville, B., & Parke, R. D. (1997). Waiting for paternity: Interpersonal and contextual implications of the timing of fatherhood. Sex Roles, 37, 45–59. doi:10.1023/A:1025636619455.
Obradović, J. (2010). Effortful control and adaptive functioning of homeless children: Variable-focused and person-focused analyses. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 109–117. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.09.004.
Obradović, J., Long, J. D., Cutuli, J. J., Chan, C.-K., Hinz, E., Heistad, D., & Masten, A. S. (2009). Academic achievement of homeless and highly mobile children in an urban school district: Longitudinal evidence on risk, growth, and resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 493–518. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000273.
O’Connor, A., & Boag, S. (2010). Do stepparents experience moreparental antagonism than biological parents? A test of evolutionary and socialization perspectives. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 51, 508–525. doi:10.1080/10502556.2010.504101.
O’Connor, T. G., Caspi, A., DeFries, J. C., & Plomin, R. (2000a). Are associations between parental divorce and children’s adjustment genetically mediated? An adoption study. Developmental Psychology, 36, 429–437. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.4.429.
O’Connor, T. G., Rutter, M., & English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team (2000b). Attachment disorder behavior following early severe deprivation: Extension and longitudinal follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 703–712.
Padilla-Walker, L. M., Harper, J. M., & Jensen, A. C. (2010). Selfregulation as a mediator between sibling relationship quality and early adolescents’ positive and negative outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 419–428. doi:10.1037/a0020387.
Papini, D. R., & Sebby, R. A. (1988). Variations in conflictual family issues by adolescent pubertal status, gender, and family member. Journal of Early Adolescence, 8, 1–15. doi:10.1177/0272431688081001.
Parke, R. D. (1996). Fatherhood. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Parke, R. D., & Buriel, R. (1998). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon, & N. Eisenberg (Hrsg.), Social, emotional, and personality development 5. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 3, S. 463–552). New York, NY: Wiley.
Parke, R. D., & Buriel, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Hrsg.), Social, emotional, and personality development 6. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 3, S. 429–504). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Parke, R. D., Coltrane, S., Duffy, S., Buriel, R., Dennis, J., Powers, J., & Widaman, K. F. (2004). Economic stress, parenting, and child adjustment in Mexican American and European American families. Child Development, 75, 1632–1656. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00807.x.
Patterson, C. J. (1995). Families of the baby boom: Parents’ division of labor and children’s adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 31, 115–123. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.115.
Patterson, C. J. (2002). Lesbian and gay parenthood. In M. H. Bornstein (Hrsg.), Being and becoming a parent 2. Aufl. Handbook of parenting, (Bd. 3, S. 317–338). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Patterson, C. J., & Chan, R. W. (1997). Gay fathers. In M. E. Lamb (Hrsg.), The role of the father in child development (3. Aufl. S. 245–260). NewYork: Wiley.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Paulson, S. E. (1996). Maternal employment and adolescent achievement revisited: An ecological perspective. Family Relations, 45, 201–208.
Peisner-Feinberg, E. S., Burchinal, M. R., Clifford, R. M., Culkin, M. L., Howes, C., Kagan, S. L., & Yazejian, N. (2001). The relation of preschool child-care quality to children’s cognitive and social developmental trajectories through second grade. Child Development, 72, 1534–1553. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00364.
Pinderhughes, E. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents’ socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 380–400. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.380.
Pluess, M., & Belsky, J. (2010). Differential susceptibility to parenting and quality child care. Developmental Psychology, 46, 379–390. doi:10.1037/a0015203.
Poston, D. L., & Falbo, T. (1990). Academic performance and personality traits of Chinese children: “Onlies” versus others. American Journal of Sociology, 96, 433–451.
Potter, D. (2010). Psychosocial well-being and the relationship between divorce and children’s academic achievement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 933–946. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00740.x.
Pruett, M. K., Williams, T. Y., Insabella, G., & Little, T. D. (2003). Family and legal indicators of child adjustment to divorce among families with young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 169–180. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.2.169.
Rafferty, Y., & Shinn, M. (1991). The impact of homelessness on children. American Psychologist, 46, 1170–1179. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.46.11.1170.
Ragozin, A. S., Basham, R. B., Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., & Robinson, N. M. (1982). Effects of maternal age on parenting role. Developmental Psychology, 18, 627–634. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.18.4.627.
Rasbash, J., Jenkins, J., O’Connor, T. G., Tackett, J., & Reiss, D. (2011). A social relations model of observed family negativity and positivity using a genetically informative sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 474–491. doi:10.1037/a0020931.
Riina, E. M., & McHale, S. M. (2012). The trajectory of coparenting satisfaction in African American families: The impact of sociocultural stressors and supports. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 896–905.
Rinaldi, C. M., & Howe, N. (2012). Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles and associations with toddlers’ externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behaviors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27, 266–273. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.08.001.
Roche, K. M., Ghazarian, S. R., Little, T. D., & Leventhal, T. (2011). Understanding links between punitive parenting and adolescent adjustment: The relevance of context and reciprocal associations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 448–460. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795. 2010. 00681.x.
Rodgers, B., Power, C., & Hope, S. (1997). Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 867–872. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01605.x.
Roisman, G. I., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The limits of genetic influence: A behavior-genetic analysis of infant-caregiver relationship quality and temperament. Child Development, 77, 1656–1667. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00965.x.
Roopnarine, J. L., & Hossain, Z. (1992). Parent-child interactions in urban Indian families in New Delhi: Are they changing?. In J. L. Roopnarine, & D. B. Carter (Hrsg.), Parent-child socialization in diverse cultures (Bd. 5, S. 1–16). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Roopnarine, J. L., Lu, M. W., & Ahmeduzzaman, M. (1989). Parental reports of early patterns of caregiving, play and discipline in India and Malaysia. Early Child Development and Care, 50, 109–120. doi:10.1080/0300443890500109.
Rueter, M. A., & Conger, R. D. (1998). Reciprocal influences between parenting and adolescent problem-solving behavior. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1470–1482. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1470.
Russell, G., & Russell, A. (1987). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood. Child Development, 58, 1573–1585.
Sagi, A., Koren-Karie, N., Gini, M., Ziv, Y., & Joels, T. (2002). Shedding further light on the effects of various types and quality of early child care on infant-mother attachment relationship: The Haifa Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 73(00465), 1166–1186. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.
Sampa, A. (1997). Street children of Lusaka: “A case of the Zambia Red Cross Drop-in Centre.” Journal of Psychology in Africa (South of the Sahara, the Caribbean, and Afro-Latin. America, 2, 1–23.
Saudino, K. J., & Wang, M. (2012). Quantitative and molecular genetic studies of temperament. In M. R. Zentner, & R. L. Shiner (Hrsg.), Handbook of temperament (S. 315–346). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Scaramella, L. V., Conger, R. D., Simons, R. L., & Whitbeck, L. B. (1998). Predicting risk for pregnancy by late adolescence: A social contextual perspective. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1233–1245. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1233.
Scaramella, L. V., Neppl, T. K., Ontai, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2008). Consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage across three generations: Parenting behavior and child externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 725–733. doi:10.1037/a0013190.
Schenck, C., Braver, S., Wolchik, S., Saenz, D., Cookston, J., & Fabricius, W. (2009). Relations between mattering to step- and non-residential fathers and adolescent mental health. Fathering, 7, 70–90. doi:10.3149/fth.0701.70.
Schermerhorn, A. C., Chow, S. M., & Cummings, E. M. (2010). Developmental family processes and interparental conflict: Patterns of microlevel influences. Developmental Psychology, 46, 869–885. doi:10.1037/a0019662.
Schermerhorn, A. C., D’Onofrio, B. M., Turkheimer, E., Ganiban, J. M., Spotts, E. L., Lichtenstein, P., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2011). A genetically informed study of associations between family functioning and child psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 47, 707–725. doi:10.1037/a0021362.
Schofield, T. J., Martin, M. J., Conger, K. J., Neppl, T. M., Donnellan, M. B., & Conger, R. D. (2011). Intergenerational transmission of adaptive functioning: A test of the interactionist model of SES and human development. Child Development, 82, 33–47. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01539.x.
Sentse, M., & Laird, R. D. (2010). Parent-child relationships and dyadic friendship experiences as predictors of behavior problems in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39, 873–884. doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.517160.
Shanahan, L., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Osgood, D. W. (2007). Warmth with mothers and fathers from middle childhood to late adolescence: Within- and between-families comparisons. Developmental Psychology, 43, 551–563. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.551.
Shanahan, L., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Osgood, D. W. (2008). Linkages between parents’ differential treatment, youth depressive symptoms, and sibling relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 480–494. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00495.x.
Shapiro, D. N., & Stewart, A. J. (2011). Parenting stress, perceived child regard, and depressive symptoms among stepmothers and biological mothers. Family Relations, 60, 533–544. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00665.x.
Shaw, D. S., Criss, M. M., Schonberg, M. A., & Beck, J. E. (2004). The development of family hierarchies and their relation to children’s conduct problems. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 483–500. doi:10.1017/S0954579404004638.
Simons, R. L. (1996). Understanding differences between divorced and intact families: Stress, interaction, and child outcome. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Simons, R. L., & Johnson, C. (1996). Mother’s parenting. In R. L. Simons, & Associates (Hrsg.), Understanding differences between divorced and intact families: Stress, interaction, and child outcome (S. 81–93). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Skinner, E. A. (1985). Determinants of mother sensitive and contingent responsive behavior: The role of child rearing beliefs and socioeconomic status. In I. E. Sigel (Hrsg.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (S. 51–82). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Slomkowski, C., Rende, R., Conger, K. J., Simons, R. L., & Conger, R. D. (2001). Sisters, brothers, and delinquency: Evaluating social influence during early and middle adolescence. Child Development, 72, 271–283. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00278.
Smetana, J. G. (2011). Parenting beliefs, parenting, and parent-adolescent communication in African American families. In N. E. Hill, T. Mann, & H. E. Fitzgerald (Hrsg.), African American children’s mental health Development and context, (Bd. 1, S. 173–197). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2008). Maladaptive perfectionism as an intervening variable between psychological control and adolescent depressive symptoms: A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 465–474. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.465.
Solheim, E., Wichstrøm, L., Belsky, J., & Berg-Nielsen, T. S. (2013). Do time in child care and peer group exposure predict poor socioemotional adjustment in Norway? Child Development, 84(5), 1701–1715. doi:10.1111/cdev.12071.
Solmeyer, A. R., Killoren, S. E., McHale, S. M., & Updegraff, K. A. (2011). Coparenting around siblings’ differential treatment in Mexican origin families. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 251–260. doi:10.1037/a0023201.
Song, C., Benin, M., & Glick, J. (2012). Dropping out of high school: The effects of family structure and family transitions. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 53, 18–33. doi:10.1080/10502556.2012.635964.
Sosinsky, L. S., Lord, H., & Zigler, E. (2007). For-profit/nonprofit differences in center-based child care quality: Results from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 390–410.
Steeger, C. M., & Gondoli, D. M. (2013). Mother-adolescent conflict as a mediator between adolescent problem behaviors and maternal psychological control. Developmental Psychology, 49, 804–814. doi:10.1037/a0028599.
Steinberg, L. (1987). Impact of puberty on family relations: Effects of pubertal status and pubertal timing. Developmental Psychology, 23, 451–460. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.23.3.451.
Steinberg, L. (1988). Reciprocal relation between parent-child distance and pubertal maturation. Developmental Psychology, 24, 122–128. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.1.122.
Steinberg, L. (1990). Autonomy, conflict, and harmony. In I. S. S. Feldman, & G. R. Elliott (Hrsg.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent (S. 255–276). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 2, 55–87.
Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00781.x.
Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 19–36.
Sturge-Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., Cicchetti, D., & Manning, L. G. (2012). Interparental violence, maternal emotional unavailability and children’s cortisol functioning in family contexts. Developmental Psychology, 48, 237–249. doi:10.1037/a0025419.
Sun, Y., & Li, Y. (2011). Effects of family structure type and stability on children’s academic performance trajectories. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 541–556. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00825.x.
Sutherland, K. E., Altenhofen, S., & Biringen, Z. (2012). Emotional availability during mother-child interactions in divorcing and intact married families. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 53, 126–141. doi:10.1080/10502556.2011.651974.
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Adolph, K. E., Lobo, S. A., Karasik, L. B., Ishak, S., & Dimitropoulou, K. A. (2008). When infants take mothers’ advice: 18-month-olds integrate perceptual and social information to guide motor action. Developmental Psychology, 44, 734–746. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.734.
Tasker, F., & Golombok, S. (1995). Adults raised as children in lesbian families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 203–215. doi:10.1037/h0079615.
Taylor, R. (2011). Kin support and parenting practices among lowincome African American mothers: Moderating effects of mothers’ psychological adjustment. Journal of Black Psychology, 37, 3–23. doi:10.1177/0095798410372623.
Taylor, R. D., Seaton, E., & Dominguez, A. (2008). Kinship support, family relations, and psychological adjustment among low-income African American mothers and adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 1–22. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2008.00548.x.
Taylor, T. J., Freng, A., Esbensen, F.-A., & Peterson, D. (2008). Youth gang membership and serious violent victimization: The importance of lifestyles and routine activities. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1441–1464. doi:10.1177/0886260508314306.
Thompson, R. A. (1998). Early sociopersonality development. In W. Damon, & N. Eisenberg (Hrsg.), Social, emotional, and personality development 5. Aufl. Handbook of child psychology, (Bd. 3, S. 25–104). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Tietze, W., Schuster, K.-M., Grenner, K., & Roßbach, H.-G. (2007). Kindergarten-Skala (KES-R). Feststellung und Unterstützung pädagogischer Qualität in Kindergärten (3. Aufl.). Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag Scriptor.
Tillman, K. H. (2008). ″Non-traditional″ siblings and the academic outcomes of adolescents. Social Science Research, 37, 88–108. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.06.007.
Tornello, S. L., Farr, R. H., & Patterson, C. J. (2011). Predictors of parenting stress among gay adoptive fathers in the United States. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 591–600. doi:10.1037/a0024480.
Towe-Goodman, N. R., Stifter, C. A., Coccia, M. A., & Cox, M. J. (2011). Interparental aggression, attention skills, and early childhood behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 563–576. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000216.
Tyler, K. A., & Bersani, B. E. (2008). A longitudinal study of early adolescent precursors to running away. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 230–251. doi:10.1177/0272431607313592.
Tyler, K. A., Hagewen, K. J., & Melander, L. A. (2011). Risk factors for running away among a general population sample of males and females. Youth and Society, 43, 583–608. doi:10.1177/0044118x11400023.
Tyler, K. A., Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Johnson, K. D. (2003). Self-mutilation and homeless youth: The role of family abuse, street experiences, and mental disorders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 457–474. doi:10.1046/j.1532-7795.2003.01304003.x.
U.S. Census Bureau (2012). Living arrangements of children: Tables CH-5, CH-6. http://www.census.gov/hhes/families/data/children.html
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, & Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau (2006). Child health USA 2006: Population characteristics: Working mothers and child care. http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa_06/popchar/0206wmcc.htm
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, & Statistics, B. L. (2013). Employment characteristics of families summary [News release]. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm
U.S. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. (2015) http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/family.asp
U.S. National Poverty Center (2013). Poverty in the United States: Frequently asked questions. http://npc.umich.edu/poverty/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (1999). Child care and mother-child interaction in the first three years of life. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1399–1413. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.6.1399.
United States Conference of Mayors (2009). Hunger and homelessness survey: A status report on hunger and homelessness in America’s cities: A 27-city survey. Retrieved from. http://www.usmayors. org/pressreleases/uploads/USCMHungercompleteWEB2009.pdf (Erstellt: Dezember)
Urbina, I. (2009). Running in the shadows: Recession drives surge in youth runaways. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/us/26runaway.html?pagewanted=all
Valenzuela, M. (1997). Maternal sensitivity in a developing society: The context of urban poverty and infant chronic under nutrition. Developmental Psychology, 33, 845–855. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.5.845.
Van Doorn, M. D., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2008). Conflict resolution in parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 503–527. doi:10.1177/0272431608317608.
Van Doorn, M. D., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2011). Developmental changes in conflict resolution styles in parent-adolescent relationships: A four-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 97–107. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9516-7.
Vandell, D. L. (1988). Baby sister/baby brother: Reactions to the birth of a sibling and patterns of early sibling relations. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 19, 13–37. doi:10.1300/j274v19n03_02.
Vandell, D. L., Belsky, J., Burchinal, M., Steinberg, L., Vandergrift, N., & NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 years? Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Child Developement, 81, 737–756. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01431.x.
Verma, S. (1999). Socialization for survival: Developmental issues among working street children in India. In M. Raffaelli, & R. W. Larson (Hrsg.), Homeless and working youth around the world: Exploring developmental issues New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, (Bd. 85, S. 5–18). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Volling, B. L., & Belsky, J. (1991). Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 461–474.
Volling, B. L., & Feagans, L. V. (1995). Infant day care and children’s social competence. Infant Behavior and Development, 18, 177–188. doi:10.1016/0163-6383(95)90047-0.
Votruba-Drzal, E., Coley, R. L., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (2004). Child care and low-income children’s development: Direct and moderated effects. Child Developement, 75(x), 296–312. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004. 00670.x.
Wainright, J. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2006). Delinquency, victimization, and substance use among adolescents with female same-sex parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 526–530. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.3.526.
Wainright, J. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2008). Peer relations among adolescents with female same-sex parents. Developmental Psychology, 44, 117–126. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.117.
Wainright, J. L., Russell, S. T., & Patterson, C. J. (2004). Psychosocial adjustment, school outcomes, and romantic relationships of adolescents with same-sex parents. Child Development, 75, 1886–1898. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00823.x.
Wakschlag, L. S., Gordon, R. A., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Green, S. M., & Leventhal, B. L. (2000). Maternal age at first birth and boys’ risk for conduct disorder. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 417–441. doi:10.1207/SJRA1004_03.
Walker, P., Bremner, J. G., Mason, U., Spring, J., Mattock, K., Slater, A., & Johnson, S. P. (2010). Preverbal infants’ sensitivity to synaesthetic cross-modality correspondences. Psychological Science, 21, 21–25.
Wallerstein, J., & Lewis, J. M. (2007). Sibling outcomes and disparate parenting and stepparenting after divorce: Report from a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24, 445–458. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.24. 3.445.
Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second chances: Men, women, and children a decade after divorce. New York: Ticknor & Fields.
Wang, D., Kato, N., Inaba, Y., Tango, T., Yoshida, Y., Kusaka, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2000). Physical and personality traits of preschool children in Fuzhou, China: Only child vs sibling. Child Developement, 26, 49–60. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2214.2000.00143.x.
Wang, Y., & Fong, V. L. (2009). Little emperors and the 4:2:1 generation: China’s singletons. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 1137–1139.
Webster-Stratton, C. (1998). Preventing conduct problems in Head Start children: Strengthening parenting competencies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 715–730. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.715.
Whiteside, M. F., & Becker, B. J. (2000). Parental factors and the young child’s postdivorce adjustment: A meta-analysis with implications for parenting arrangements. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 5–26. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.14.1.5.
Whiteside-Mansell, L., Bradley, R. H., Owen, M. T., Randolph, S. M., & Cauce, A. M. (2003). Parenting and children’s behavior at 36 months: Equivalence between African American and European American mother-child dyads. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3, 197–234. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0303_02.
Wickrama, K. A. S., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., Elder Jr., G. H., Abraham, W. T., & Fang, S. A. (2005). Changes in family financial circumstances and the physical health of married and recently divorced mothers. Social Science and Medicine, 63(1), 123–136. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed. 2005.12.003.
Wilson, M., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Health status and behaviors of unwed fathers. Children and Youth Services Review, 23, 377–401. doi:10.1016/S0190-7409(01)00138-4.
Wolfe, S. M., Toro, P. A., & McCaskill, P. A. (1999). A comparison of homeless and matched housed adolescents on family environment variables. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9, 53–66. doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0901_3.
Wolfer, L. T., & Moen, P. (1996). Staying in school: Maternal employment and the timing of black and white daughters’ school exit. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 540–560. doi:10.1177/019251396017004006.
Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., & Wu, X. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers’ parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 481–491. doi:10.1080/01650250143000436.
Yau, J., & Smetana, J. G. (1996). Adolescent-parent conflict among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Child Development, 67, 1262–1275. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01794.x.
Youniss, J., & Smollar, J. (1985). Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Zachrisson, H. D., Dearing, E., Lekhal, R., & Toppelberg, C. O. (2013). Little evidence that time in child care causes externalizing problems during early childhood in Norway. Child Development, 84, 1152–1170. doi:10.1111/cdev.12040.
Zhai, F., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Waldfogel, J. (2011). Head Start and urban children’s school readiness: A birth cohort study in 18 cities. Developmental Psychology, 47, 134–152. doi:10.1037/a0020784.
Zhang, S. (1997). Investigation of behavior problem of only child in kindergarten children in a Beijing urban area. International Medical Journal, 4, 117–118.
Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Wang, Y., & Reiser, M. (2004). Chinese children’s effortful control and dispositional anger/frustration: Relations to parenting styles and children’s social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 352–366. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.352.
Zhou, Q., Wang, Y., Deng, X., Eisenberg, N., Wolchik, S. A., & Tein, J.-Y. (2008). Relations of parenting and temperament to Chinese children’s experience of negative life events, coping efficacy, and externalizing problems. Child Development, 79, 493–513. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01139.x.
Zlotnick, C., Kronstadt, D., & Klee, L. (1998). Foster care children and family homelessness. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1368–1370. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1368.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Siegler, R., Eisenberg, N., DeLoache, J., Saffran, J. (2016). Die Familie. In: Pauen, S. (eds) Entwicklungspsychologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47028-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47028-2_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47027-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-47028-2
eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)