Abstract
Earlier, I emphatically pointed out that the May Fourth Movement emerged as a result of the fermenting effect of the New Culture Movement. Once the May Fourth Movement rose up, however, it conversely exerted a strong reaction on the New Culture Movement. This reaction was twofold. For one, it vigorously pushed the New Culture Movement toward development in breadth and scope, and for another, it impelled the cultural movement’s transition toward a political movement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
“My Crossroads,” Collected Works of Hu Shih, 2nd collection, vol. 3, p. 96.
- 2.
See Youth Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, “Correspondence: Answering Wang Yonggong.”
- 3.
See New Youth, vol. 3, no 5, “Gu Kegang to Reporters.”
- 4.
Same as above, “Correspondence: Response to Gu Kegang”.
- 5.
Zhang Shizhao: “Response to Huang Yuanyong.” See Jia Yin, vol. 1, no. 10.
- 6.
See Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, pp. 147–148.
- 7.
Ibid., p. 152.
- 8.
Ibid., p. 149.
- 9.
Ibid., p. 152.
- 10.
Ibid., p. 148.
- 11.
Ibid., pp. 149–150
- 12.
Ibid., p. 153.
- 13.
See “Master Lan Zhixian’s Problems and Isms,” attached to Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2. See p. 154 of the book.
- 14.
See “Master Lan Zhixian’s Problems and Isms,” attached to Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2. See p. 159 of the book.
- 15.
Ibid., p. 159.
- 16.
Ibid., p. 160.
- 17.
Ibid., p. 167.
- 18.
“More on Problems and Isms,” Collected Works of Li Dazhao, vol. 3, p. 1.
- 19.
Ibid., p. 4.
- 20.
Ibid., p. 6.
- 21.
Ibid., p. 3.
- 22.
“A Third Discussion on Problems and Isms”, Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, p. 189.
- 23.
“A Fourth Discussion on Problems and Isms”, Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, p. 191.
- 24.
Ibid., p. 192.
- 25.
Ibid., pp. 193–194.
- 26.
Ibid., p. 195.
- 27.
Ibid., pp. 196–197.
- 28.
Ibid., p. 197.
- 29.
See “Master Lan Zhixian’s Problems and Isms,” attached to Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2. See p. 154 of the book.
- 30.
Li Dazhao: “More on Problems and Isms,” Collected Writings of Li Dazhao, vol 3, p. 1.
- 31.
Li Dazhao: “More on Problems and Isms”, Collected Writings of Li Dazhao, vol 3, pp. 1–2.
- 32.
See “Notes” to “Master Lan Zhixian’s Problems and Isms,” attached to Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2. See p. 154 of the book.
- 33.
See Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, p. 177.
- 34.
See Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, p. 150.
- 35.
Hu Shih: “A Fourth Discussion on Problems and Isms,” Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, p. 195.
- 36.
Ibid, p. 196.
- 37.
Hu Shih: “My Crossroads,” Collected Works of Hu Shih, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 96–97.
- 38.
See “The Declaration of the Magazine,” New Youth, vol. 7, no. 1.
- 39.
See Selected Works by Chen Duxiu, (vol. 2) p. 50; Sanlian Bookstore.
- 40.
See Hu Shih’s Posthumous Writings and Confidential Correspondence, vol. 35, pp. 569–570.
- 41.
See Selected Works by Chen Duxiu, (vol. 2) p. 71.
- 42.
See Tang Baolin and Lin Maosheng (1988, p. 143).
- 43.
See Selected Works by Chen Duxiu, (vol. 2) p. 71.
- 44.
Letter from Li Dazhao to Hu Shih; see Collected Works of Li Dazhao, vol. 5, p. 299.
- 45.
“A Few Letters Regarding the New Youth Issue,” Historical Materials on Publishing in Modern China, Edition A, p. 7, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1954.
- 46.
See same as above, p. 10.
- 47.
See Collection of Qian Xuantong’s Statements in the May 4 Period, pp. 215–216; Dongfang Publishing Center, 1998.
- 48.
See Diary of Qian Xuantong, lithographic copy, vol. 4, p. 1,390; Fujian Education Publishing House, 2002. Note: The expression “is actually a pigs-head issue” may have been a colloquialism in a certain locale or period or among a certain group of people and its exact meaning is not known. In relation to the facts and background of the above narrative, it may mean that something is controversial. This, however, is merely a guess and not a final conclusion.
- 49.
“A Few Letters Regarding the New Youth Issue,” Historical Materials on Publishing in Modern China, Edition A, p. 11.
- 50.
“A Few Letters Regarding the New Youth Issue,” Historical Materials on Publishing in Modern China, Edition A, p. 13.
- 51.
Originally carried in the February 7, 8, and 9, 1919, issues of Chen Bao; quoted from The Collected Works of Li Dazhao, vol. 2, pp. 270 and 272.
- 52.
See New Tide, vol. 1, no. 1.
- 53.
- 54.
See written by Ishikawa Yoshihiro and translated by Yuan Guangquan: History of the Founding of the Communist Party of China, pp. 201–206, P. 153.
- 55.
“The First Program of the Communist Party of China” was translated from a Russian-language text in the archives of the Chinese communist delegation to the Communist International. See CPC Central Committee Documents, vol. 1, pp. 5–7, CPC Central Committee Party School Press.
- 56.
See Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 5, p. 66.
- 57.
See same as above, pp. 209–210.
- 58.
See same as above, pp. 262 and 263.
- 59.
Cited from The Authoritative Chronological Biography of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 2, p. 1413.
- 60.
See The Authoritative Chronological Biography of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 2, p. 1472.
- 61.
Ibid., p. 1702.
- 62.
Ibid., p. 1707.
- 63.
See Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 8, pp. 501 and 508.
- 64.
See The Authoritative Chronological Biography of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 3, p. 1305.
- 65.
Ju Zheng: “Outline of the Party Reforms,” Documents of the Revolution, Collection no. 8, pp. 34–35.
- 66.
Compilation of Documents of the Comintern, the Soviet Communist Party (Bolshevik) and the Chinese Revolution, vol. 2, p. 436.
- 67.
Ibid., p. 414.
- 68.
See Selected Documents of the Central Committee of the CPC, vol. 1, pp. 115–116.
- 69.
See Compilation of Documents of the Comintern, the Soviet Communist Party (Bolshevik) and the Chinese Revolution, vol. 2, pp. 547–550.
- 70.
See Documents of the Revolution, Compilation no. 8, p. 72.
- 71.
Li Yunhan (1994, pp. 403–406).
- 72.
See Documents of the Revolution, Collection 8, pp. 92–95 and p. 97.
- 73.
“Declaration of the First National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party,” The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, vol. 9, pp. 118, 119, 120 and 121.
- 74.
Ibid, p. 126.
- 75.
- 76.
See Geng Yunzhi (1989, pp. 95–96).
- 77.
Ibid, p. 98.
- 78.
See the opening issue of Endeavor Weekly (May 7, 1922).
- 79.
See Collected Works of Hu Shih, 2nd collection, vol. 3; pp. 27–33.
- 80.
This paper is carried in the book China in the 1920s, Social Sciences Academic Press, 2005.
References
Gao Jun, et al. (Ed.). (1990). A critique of modern Chinese political ideologies, chapter 6, section 1. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House.
Geng Yunzhi. (1989). A chronological biography of Hu Shih. Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Publishing House.
Geng Yunzhi, et al. (2003). Western democracy in Modern China, chapter 9, part 2, section 2. Beijing: China Youth Press.
Ishikawa Yoshihiro. (2006). History of the founding of the Communist Party of China (Yuan Guangquan, Trans.). Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
Li Yunhan. (1994). A historical narrative of the KMT (2nd ed., chapter 5). Taipei: Party History Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang of China.
Tang Baolin (Ed.). (1997). A hundred years of Marxism in China. Hefei: Anhui People’s Publishing House.
Tang Baolin, & Lin Maosheng. (1988). A chronological biography of Chen Duxiu. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing Co., Ltd and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Geng, Y. (2015). From Cultural Movement to Political Movement. In: An Introductory Study on China's Cultural Transformation in Recent Times. China Academic Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44590-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44590-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44589-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44590-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)