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Ovary

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Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies

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Abstract

The primordial germ cells are first found at the 24th gestational day near the allantois. The germ cells proliferate and migrate to reach the genital ridge, which, by the 5th week, becomes elevated and thickened. In ovarian agenesis, one or both ovaries are absent; it usually accompanies defects of the tubular reproductive organs; unilateral ovarian agenesis (UOA) and fallopian descent problems are very rare congenital defects.

Gonadal dysgenesis generally refers to a condition where gonadal development is abnormal, often only presenting streaks of connective tissue that are often called “streak gonads.”

A fetal ovarian cyst refers to an ovarian cyst detected antenatally in a female fetus. They are usually diagnosed in the 3rd trimester. The first fetal ovarian cyst was reported in 1889 as an autopsy finding in a stillborn preterm infant; large ovarian cysts may be seen in the neonatal period presenting as an abdominal mass.

An ovarian dermoid cyst is a benign tumor descending from the ovarian germinal cells; in approximately 80 % of the cases, this lesion occurs in young girls, and it represents 18–20 % of benign ovarian tumors. In most cases, dermoid cysts are unilateral, but they are bilateral in 10–15 % of cases. Ovarian neoplasms are extremely rare and account for less than 1 % of all pediatric tumors.

Undescended ovaries are characterized by the attachment of the upper ovarian pole to an area at or above the level of the iliac artery bifurcation, but ectopic ovaries may be unilateral or bilateral and may be associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract anomalies.

Supernumerary ovaries include cases in which a third ovary is entirely separated from the eutopic ovary and may be located in the omentum or retroperitoneally. The term “accessory ovary” refers to cases in which excess ovarian tissue is situated near and connected to the normally placed ovary.

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  1. Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Baky Fahmy

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  1. Mohamed A. Baky Fahmy
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Fahmy, M.A.B. (2015). Ovary. In: Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_14

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