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Opioidagonisten: Allgemeine Pharmakologie

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Der postoperative Schmerz

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Zusammenfassung

Vermutlich waren die psychotropen Wirkungen von Opium, dem getrockneten Milchsaft der Kapseln des Schlafmohns (Papaver somniferum), schon den alten Sumerern bekannt, wo sie zu rituellen Zwecken angewandt wurden. Erste gesicherte Berichte findet man in den Schriften von Theophrastus im 3. Jahrhundert vor Christus; das Wort „Opium“ entspricht dem griechischen Wort für „Saft“. Im Orient war Opium weit verbreitet, wo es primär zur Behandlung von Durchfallerkrankungen diente. In Europa galt es lange Zeit als zu toxisch, bevor sein Nutzen — auch zur Schmerzbehandlung und als Antitussivum — von Paracelsus (1493–1541) wieder bekannt gemacht wurde. Erst im 18. Jahrhundert kam das Opiumrauchen in Mode.

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  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universität Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9, 50924, Köln, Deutschland

    Klaus A. Lehmann

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Lehmann, K.A. (1994). Opioidagonisten: Allgemeine Pharmakologie. In: Lehmann, K.A. (eds) Der postoperative Schmerz. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21762-7_11

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