Zusammenfassung
Die Gesundheitsökonomie beschäftigt sich mit der Thematik der Knappheit von Ressourcen im Gesundheitswesen. Sie beschäftigt sich sowohl mit den Ursachen der Knappheit wie auch mit den Möglichkeiten, diese zu mildern. Dazu werden die Methoden der Ökonomie auf das Gesundheitswesen angewandt. Die Aussage, Gesundheit sei das höchste Gut, impliziert ökonomisch, dass die Gesundheitsgüter einen Grenznutzen aufweisen, der höher ist als alle anderen Güter. Erst wenn das Bedürfnis nach Gesundheitsgütern gedeckt ist, können andere Güter nachgefragt werden. Das zentrale Problem bleibt jedoch stets die Knappheit, die es erforderlich macht zu wirtschaften. Gegenstand der Gesundheitsökonomie ist infolgedessen das Wirtschaften, also die effiziente Wahl zwischen Alternativen. Hierzu werden verschiedene Annahmen zu Verhaltensweisen der Individuen gemacht. Die meisten gesundheitsökonomischen Theorien basieren auf der Annahme von nutzenmaximierenden Personen (Homo oeconomicus), die zum Wirtschaften das ökonomische Prinzip anwenden. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Gesundheitsökonomie ist daher die Planung von Gesundheitsleistungen in einem Umfeld der knappen Ressourcen.
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Reichen, J. et al. (2003). Prinzipien der Therapie. In: Schölmerich, J., et al. Medizinische Therapie in Klinik und Praxis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12451-2_1
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